金属矿山废弃地土壤质量综合评价指标体系初探

Preliminary Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Index System of Soil Quality of Metal Mine Wasteland

结合生态复垦实践经验,对金属矿山废弃地生态复垦的主要限制因素进行了分析,认为矿区废弃地土壤质量的内涵应包括土壤生产力和环境质量两个方面,初步提出以生态林草地复垦为主的矿区废弃地土壤质量综合评价指标体系应包括4个层次因子、19项具体评价指标。其中,4个层次评价因子包括土壤主要化学性质、产酸潜力、重金属污染、微生物群落特征等,19个具体评价指标包括土壤pH、有机质(OM)、碱解氮(AHN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、阳离子交换量(CEC)等6项化学性质评价指标,净产酸量pH值(NAG-pH)、酸性中和能力(ANC)两项产酸潜力评价指标,Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn等8项重金属污染评价指标。微生物生物量碳(MBC)、多样性指数(H′)、产酸微生物占比(AM p.c)等3项微生物群落特征评价指标,并综合已有文献资料和研究成果初步提出了各项评价指标的分级标准。

Combined with the practical experience of ecological reclamation,the main limiting factors of ecological reclamation of wasteland in metal mines were analyzed in the paper.It was considered that the connotation of soil quality of wasteland in mining areas should include two aspects of soil productivity and environmental quality.It was preliminarily proposed that the soil quality overall merit index system of mine wasteland which is dominated by forest and grassland reclamation,should include 4 factors and 19 specific evaluation indexes.Among them,4 evaluation factors include soil physical and chemical properties,acid production potential,heavy metal pollution,microbial community,and 19 evaluation indexes include 6 indexes of soil physical and chemical properties such as pH,organic matter(OM),alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AHN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK)and cation exchange capacity(CEC),2 indexes of soil acidification potential such as net acid generation(NAG-pH)and acid neutralizing capacity(ANC),8 indexes of soil heavy metal pollution such as Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni and Zn,3 indexes of soil microbial community characteristics such as Microbial biomass carbon(MBC),diversity index(H′)and proportion of acidogenic microorganisms(AM p.c).In addition,the grading standard of evaluation index is proposed based on the existing literature and research results.