TORCH感染对妊娠及致畸的研究进展

Research progress of TORCH infection on pregnancy and malformation

TORCH感染筛查是优生优育的重要检测指标,典型的TORCH感染是指由弓形虫(TOX)、风疹病毒(RV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)和单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)导致的感染。孕妇感染TORCH病原体可致流产、死胎、早产和胎儿畸形,对胎儿及孕妇造成严重影响,同时也给家庭及社会造成了极大的经济负担及精神压力。脉络膜视网膜炎、颅内钙化和脑积水被认为是典型的先天性TOX感染。先天性风疹综合征,包括感音神经性耳聋、白内障、先天性心脏病、中枢神经系统缺陷、智力发育受损、骨缺损和肝脾肿大。先天性CMV对胎儿的影响主要表现在感音神经性听力损失和神经发育障碍。先天性疱疹病毒感染表现为典型的三联征:即皮肤表现、神经系统表现以及眼部表现。本文通过综述TOX、RV、CMV和HSV对妊娠及致畸的影响,进一步加深对TORCH感染危害的认识,加强孕期TORCH病原检测意识,以便早期发现胎儿是否感染TORCH病原体从而判断胎儿畸形的可能性,采取有效的治疗方法或适时终止妊娠,达到优生优育的目的。

TORCH infection screening is an important indicator of eugenics. Typical TORCH infection is caused by Toxoplasma gondii(TOX),rubella virus(RV),cytomegalovirus(CMV)and herpes simplex virus(HSV). Pregnant women infected with TORCH pathogens can cause abortion,stillbirth,premature delivery and fetal malformation,which has a serious impact on the fetus and pregnant women,and also causes great economic burden and mental pressure on the family and society. Chorioretinitis,intracranial calcification and hydrocephalus are considered as typical congenital TOX infection. Congenital rubella syndrome includes sensorineural deafness,cataracts,congenital heart disease,central nervous system defects, impaired intellectual development, bone defects and hepatosplenomegaly. The effects of congenital CMV on fetus are mainly manifested in sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental disorders. Congenital herpes virus infection is characterized by three typical signs: skin manifestations,nervous system manifestations and eye manifestations. This paper reviews the effects of TOX,RV,CMV and HSV on pregnancy and teratogenesis,further deepens the understanding of TORCH infection,strengthens the detection awareness of TORCH pathogen during pregnancy,so as to find out whether the fetus is infected with TORCH pathogen in the early stage and judge the possibility of fetal malformation,take effective treatment or terminate pregnancy in time to achieve the goal of eugenics.