乡村振兴背景下脱贫人口面临的生计风险及其防范

Livelihood Risk and Its Prevention of Poverty Alleviation Under the Background of Rural Revitalization

贫困的发生是与生计的不确定性和脆弱性联系在一起的,生计风险是脱贫人口返贫的核心因素之一,基于脱贫户生计风险的调查发现,相当一部分脱贫人口面临收入结构不合理、来自政府转移性收入偏高、对扶贫福利政策依赖度大、家庭病残抚养比偏高、易地搬迁导致的耕地等自然资本减损、生计多样性下降、家庭负债、社会资本匮乏等诸多生计风险。巩固脱贫成果与乡村振兴的衔接中要注重保持巩固脱贫财政投入的持续稳定性,把健康中国建设与健康扶贫结合起来,把易地搬迁扶贫社区产业的全面发展作为乡村振兴的重点任务,注重培育脱贫人口社会资本,发挥好资金互助会等集体经济组织的作用,进一步筑牢脱贫人口生计资本基础,降低生计风险,真正脱贫致富。

The occurrence of poverty is associated with the uncertainty and vulnerability of livelihood.Livelihood risk is one of the core factors of re-poverty.Based on a survey of livelihood risk of poverty-stricken households,it was found that a considerable number of poverty-stricken people are faced with unreasonable income structure,high transfer income from the government,great dependence on poverty alleviation welfare policies,high dependency ratio of sick and disabled families,the loss of natural capital such as cultivated land caused by relocation program,the decline of livelihood diversity,family debt,lack of social capital and many other livelihood risks.In the process of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,it is noteworthy to maintain the sustained stability of financial investment in poverty alleviation,combine the construction of Healthy China with healthy poverty alleviation,take the comprehensive development of poverty alleviation community industries relocated from other places as the key task of rural revitalization,pay attention to the cultivation of social capital of poverty alleviation population,give full play to the role of collective economic organizations such as mutual funds association,further build a harmonious society,strengthen the livelihood capital base of the poverty-stricken population and reduce the livelihood risk.