云南茶树品种光合特性及其影响因素的研究

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Its Influential Factors of Tea Cultivars in Yunnan Province

【目的】研究茶树光合作用对提高茶叶产量和品质具有重要理论意义。【方法】使用Li-6400XT光合仪测定了云南芒市、盈江、昆明3个地域13个茶树品种的光合特征参数,包括净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr),并对不同品种、叶龄、海拔以及不同遮荫修剪处理下茶树叶片的光合差异进行比较。【结果】大叶种类型的紫娟、矮丰、官在种、广南大白茶、普景1号、香归银毫和云抗10号7个品种归为高光合潜能类群,其定型叶的Pn值达12.79~15.95μmol·m2·s-1;而中小叶种类型的十里香和堡洪茶3光合潜力较低,Pn值仅为6.96~8.08μmol·m2·s-1;云南地方品种陇川柳叶茶与云山1号和引进的乌龙茶品种铁观音与金萱为中间类群。【结论】茶树叶片的Pn、Gs和Tr以当季定型叶最高,然后随着叶片成熟而降低;同一茶树品种的光合特征参数Pn、Ci和Tr在不同海拔高度的产地之间差异显著;遮荫降低了茶树Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr,而修剪对光合无大的影响。

【Objective】It is important significance to research tea photosynthesis for improving yield and quality in tea.【Method】Thirteen tea cultivars cultivated in three different regions(Mangshi,Yingjiang and Kunming)were selected and the photosynthetic characteristic parame-ters-net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and transpiration rate(Tr)were meas-ured and analysed under different leaf ages,elevations,shading and pruning conditoins using Li-6400xt photosynthetic instrument.【Result】Seven tea cultivars which belonged to Yunnan big leaf tea plant(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)-Zijuan,Aifeng,Guanzaizhong,Guang-nan dabaicha,Pujing No.1,Xiangguiyinhao and Yunkang 10#could be classified high photosynthetic potential groups according the Pn clus-ter analysis,and theirs Pn value of the function leaves ranged from 12.79 to 15.95μmol·m2·s-1.However,the photosynthetic potential ability of the medium and small leaves tea plants(Camellia sinensis)-Shilixiang and Bohongcha was lower than these of others tea cultivars,Pn value was only 6.96-8.08μmol·m2·s-1.The Pn values of local tea plant varieties(Longchuan liuyecha and Yunshan 1#)in Yun-nan province and introduced Oolong tea cultivars(Tieguanyin and Jinxuan)were the intermediate groups.【Conclusion】For tea cultivars and treatments,the values of Pn,Gs and Tr were the highest at function leaf stage,but they decreased with the leaf aging increasing.The photo-synthetic characteristic parameters Pn,Ci and Tr of the same tea cultivars were significantly different between different altitude.Shading re-duced the values of Pn,Gs,Ci and Tr,but pruning had no significant effect on them.It was suggested that the tea cultivar,leaf age,alti-tude and shading could be important factors affecting the photosynthetic characteristics of tea plants.