生物质炭添加量对贵州尖椒生长及土壤肥力与酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Adding Amount of Biochar on Growth of Capsicum frutescens and Soil Fertility and Enzyme Activity

【目的】探明贵州尖椒专用炭基肥中生物质炭的最适添加量,为辣椒施肥时添加适宜用量生物质炭提供科学依据。【方法】生物质炭设4个不同添加量处理,T_1∶10%生物质炭(添加量250 kg/hm~2)、T_2∶20%生物质炭(添加量500 kg/hm~2)、T_3∶30%生物质炭(添加量750 kg/hm~2)和T_4∶40%生物质炭(添加量1000 kg/hm~2),采用田间小区试验方法,研究生物质炭不同添加量对贵州尖椒生长及土壤肥力与酶活性的影响。【结果】尖椒产量,T_2最高,为14887.88 kg/hm~2,较T_1提高44.69%;尖椒生长性状,株高T_2最高,为116.67 cm,茎粗和分支数T_3最粗/多,分别为14.55 mm和22.17个,各处理间差异均不显著;尖椒品质,硝酸盐和还原糖含量T_2最高,分别为76.90和29.62 mg/kg,氨基酸含量T_1最高,为5.99 mg/kg,Vc含量T_3最高,为98.42 mg/100g;土壤肥力,不同处理p H为4.76~4.89,依次为T_1>T_2>T_3>T_4,有机质为33.5~41.4 g/kg,依次为T_4>T_3>T_2>T_1,碱解氮为314.76~358.21 mg/kg,依次为T_2>T_1>T_4>T_3,有效磷为25.50~34.94 mg/kg,依次为T_3>T_4>T_2>T_1,速效钾为152.00~192.00mg/kg,依次为T_2>T_4>T_3>T_1;土壤酶活性,不同处理磷酸酶为0.15~0.21 mg/g,依次为T_3>T_4>T_2>T_1,过氧化氢酶为0.06~1.12 m L/(20 min·g),依次为T_3>T_2>T_1>T_4,脲酶为0.12~0.16 mg/g,依次为T_3>T_2>T_4>T_1,蔗糖酶为0.08~0.54 mg/g,依次为T_2>T_4>T_3>T_1;土壤肥力与其酶活性的相关性,磷酸酶与pH和碱解氮呈极显著负相关,与有效磷呈极显著正相关,蔗糖酶与速效钾呈极显正相关。【结论】20%生物质炭(添加量500 kg/hm~2)和30%生物质炭(添加量750 kg/hm~2)可促进尖椒生长发育,提高土壤肥力和酶活性,是生物质炭添加量的最佳比例,综合考虑,以20%生物质炭(添加量500 kg/hm~2)更为适宜。

【Objective】Exploring the optimal adding amount of biochar in special carbon-base fertilizer for Capsicum frutescens in Guizhou is to provide the scientific basis for adding the optimal amount of biochar in fertilization of C.frutescens.【Method】Four different adding amount of biochar are set,including T1∶10%biochar(adding 250 kg/hm2),T2∶20%biochar(adding 500 kg/hm2),T3∶30%biochar(750 kg/hm2)and T4∶40%biochar(adding 1000 kg/hm2).The effects of different adding amount of biochar on growth of C.frutescens and soil fertility and enzyme activity are studied by using a field trail.【Result】The C.frutescens yield of T2 was the highest(14887.88 kg/hm2),44.69%higher than that of T1.The plant height of T2 was the highest,which was 116.67 cm.The stem diameter and branch number of T3 was the maximum,re-spectively 14.55 mm and 22.17 with no significant difference among different treatments.The nitrate and reducing sugar con-tent in C.frutescens of T2 was the highest,respectively 76.90 and 29.62 mg/kg,amino acid content of T1 was the highest,which was 5.99 mg/kg.Vc content of T3 was the highest of 98.42 mg/100g.pH of different treatments was 4.76-4.89,follows T1>T2>T3>T4.The organic matter was 33.5-41.4 g/kg and follows T4>T3>T2>T1.The available nitrogen was 314.76-358.21 mg/kg,and follows T2>T1>T4>T3.The available phosphorus was 25.50-34.94 mg/kg and follows T3>T4>T2>T1.The a-vailable potassium was 152.00-192.00 mg/kg and follows T2>T4>T3>T1.The phosphatase of different treatments was 0.15-0.21 mg/g and follows T3>T4>T2>T1.The catalase was 0.06-1.12 mL/(20 min·g)and follows T3>T2>T1>T4.The urease was 0.12-0.16 mg/g and follows T3>T2>T4>T1.The sucrase was 0.08-0.54 mg/g and follows T2>T4>T3>T1.As to the correlation be-tween soil fertility and its enzyme activity,phosphatase was very significantly and negatively related to pH and available nitrogen,and was very significantly and positively related to available phosphorus.Sucrase was very significantly and positively related to available potassium.【Conclusion】20%biochar(adding 500 kg/hm2)and 30%biochar(adding 750 kg/hm2)can promote C.frutescens growing development and increase soil fertility and enzyme activity,which was the optimal adding amount of biochar.In general,it is more appropriate to apply 20%biochar(adding 500 kg/hm2).