中国创业型企业初创时期创新效率研究

A Study of Innovation Efficiency of Chinese Entrepreneurial Enterprises in Start-up Period

初创企业的创新能力和创新效率的提高对创新驱动发展、高质量发展具有重要意义。利用企业调查数据,基于创新效率评价的现有成果,构建了初创企业的创新投入产出指标体系,运用DEA-CRR模型综合分析了初创企业的创新效率、规模报酬、投入冗余和产出不足情况。研究结果表明,初创企业整体创新效率较低,因为纯技术效率偏低和规模不经济;多数企业呈现规模递增态势,创新投入不足造成了规模不经济;研发人员与研发费用配置不合理是企业非DEA有效的重要因素,产出不足是企业非DEA有效的重要原因,行业之间存在异质性。

The improvement of innovation capability and innovation efficiency of start-up enterprises is of great significance to innovation-driven development and high-quality development.Using survey data,based on existing research,this paper constructs the innovation input-output index system of start-up enterprises and employs DEA-CRR model to comprehensively analyze the innovation efficiency,scale reward,input redundancy and output deficiency.The research results show that the general level of innovation efficiency for start-up enterprises is low because of lower pure technical efficiency and uneconomical scale;for most enterprises,returns to scale is increasing and the lack of innovation investment leads to diseconomy of scale;and the unreasonable allocation of R&D personnel and expenditure is an important factor for the non-DEA effectiveness of enterprises,insufficient output is an important reason for it,and there exists heterogeneity among industries.