马克思及其经济学前驱思想形成与影响因素考察

Study on the Formation and Influencing Factors of Marx and His Economic Precursors Thought

斯密、李嘉图和马克思由于分别拓荒性地构建了繁荣的经济增长模型、对立的阶级分配模型以及动荡的资本主义剥削模型而被载入经济学说史中的伟大经济学家行列。他们虽然都因信仰劳动价值论而使其经济思想一脉相承,但对资本主义世界的愿景却截然不同。应用经济思想史的知识社会学方法系统地考察了三位经济学家思想形成与影响的重要因素,揭示了他们的生平和其思想成就之间的内在联系。研究发现:对经济思想的形成起重要作用的环境因素和个人因素能够解答此三人“经济学家愿景”迥异的原因;而决定学术影响力的思想创新、著作风格和知识传播等因素可以揭示三位经济学家之所以“伟大”的缘由。

Smith,Ricardo and Marx are listed as the great economists in the history of economic theory for their pioneering construction of the prosperous economic growth model,the opposing class distribution model and the turbulent capitalist exploitation model respectively.Although they all believe in labor theory of value and make their economic thought in the same line.But the vision of the capitalist world is very different.Using the method of knowledge sociology in the history of economic thoughts,this paper systematically investigates the important factors of the formation and influence of three economists'thoughts,and reveals the inner relationship between their lives and their ideological achievements.It is found that the environmental and personal factors that play important roles in the formation of economic thoughts can explain the different reasons of the three economists'"visions",and the factors that determine the academic influence,such as thought innovation,writing style and knowledge dissemination,can reveal the reasons of the three economists'"greatness".