工业城市防护绿色空间布局适宜性评价——以内蒙古包头市为例

Evaluation of the suitability of urban protective green space layout in industrial cities:A case study of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia

城市绿色空间是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,与其他类型的城市相比,工业城市生态环境问题相对突显,应更加重视防护型绿色空间网络化布局与建设。2000—2017年间,工业城市包头市区高质量的绿色空间大量被城市建设占用,城市绿色空间破碎化程度加剧,片状和带状绿色空间分布减少,尚未形成绿色空间生态网络体系;随着工业化、城镇化进一步发展,现状绿色空间承担着比以往更大的生态保护和修复压力。根据包头市工业城市防护型绿色空间建设需求性特征,基于隔离/保护理念、弹性理论、GIS空间分析技术等,评估包头市防护绿色空间布局适宜性,进一步结合2017年绿色空间分布特征,对防护绿色空间建设进行优先级分区。结果表明:(1)研究区防护绿色空间布局适宜区449.59 km^(2),占研究区总面积(629.59 km^(2))的71.41%,与现状绿色空间覆盖率(44.71%)相比,可增加26.7%的绿色空间覆盖率;(2)适宜区面积内存在较大面积的无绿色空间和低质量绿色空间,分别约占适宜区面积的25.73%、47.64%,防护绿色空间网络化程度低;(3)根据防护绿色空间布局建设分区结果,41.02 km2的区域可考虑优先建设绿地面积。结果可为包头市及同类型城市防护绿色空间布局与建设提供理论和实践参考。

Urban green space is an important part of urban ecological system. Compared with other types of cities, the ecological and environmental problems of industrial cities are prominent. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the network layout and construction of protective green space. From 2000 to 2017, a large amount of high-quality green space in Baotou, an industrial city, was occupied by urban construction. Urban green space was increasingly fragmented with the reduction of patchy and banded green space. A green space ecological network has not yet been formed. With further development of industrialization and urbanization, the current green space bears greater pressure on ecological protection and restoration than ever before. According to the demand characteristics of protective green space construction in Baotou, this paper evaluated the suitability of green space layout in the industrial city based on the isolation and protection concept, resilient theory and GIS spatial analysis technology. On this basis, priority zoning was performed for the green space layout and construction in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of current green space. The results showed that :(1) The suitable green space layout of the research area was449.59 km^(2), accounting for 71.41% of the total area of the research area(629.59 km2), which can increase the coverage rate by 26.7% compared with the current green space coverage rate(44.71%).(2) There were large undistributed green space and large area of low-quality green space in the suitable area. About 25.73% of the suitable area was not distributed with green space, and the NDVI value of about 47.64% of the suitable area was between 0 and 0.2.(3) According to the results of green space layout and construction zoning, the area of41.02 km^(2) can be given priority to green space construction. The results can provide theoretical and practical reference for the layout and construction of protective green space in Baotou and other similar cities.