冬种绿肥和秸秆还田对双季稻区土壤团聚体和有机质官能团的影响

Effects of green manure planted in winter and straw returning on soil aggregates and organic matter functional groups in double cropping rice area

为探讨外源有机物料在提升土壤有机碳和改良土壤肥力中的作用机理,依托中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站的长期定位试验,研究了冬种绿肥和秸秆还田模式(CK,冬闲;MV,冬种紫云英;S,早稻秸秆全量还田;DS,早、晚稻秸秆全量还田;SMV,冬种紫云英+早稻秸秆全量还田;DSMV,冬种紫云英+早、晚稻秸秆全量还田)对土壤团聚体和有机质官能团的影响。结果表明:双季稻土壤超大团聚体(>2 mm)和大团聚体(0.25~2 mm)含量最多,为72.1%~81.8%,且两者中有机碳含量高达12.1~20.7 g·kg^(-1),占总有机碳的22.7%~59.0%。水稻土中有机物官能团以多糖为主,其次为脂肪碳和芳香碳,各官能团的丰度受紫云英种植和秸秆还田的影响。与其他处理相比,DSMV显著增加了水稻土中超大团聚体(>2 mm)和大团聚体(0.25~2 mm)的含量,并促进了两种团聚体内芳香碳等惰性碳的积累。因此,DSMV更有利于土壤团聚体和有机质稳定性的提升,在实际农业生产中具有较大的应用潜力。

To explore the mechanism of exogenous organic materials enhancing soil organic carbon and soil fertility, based on a long-term experiment located in Hengyang Red Soil Experimental Station, we examined the effects of winter green manure and straw returning patterns(CK, winter fallow;MV, winter Chinese milk vetch;S, early-season rice straw total returning;DS, early-season and late-season rice straw total returning;SMV, winter Chinese milk vetch + early-season rice straw total returning;DSMV, winter Chinese milk vetch + early-season and late-season rice straw total returning) on soil aggregates and organic functional groups. The results showed that the proportion of super aggregates(>2 mm) and macroaggregates(0.25-2 mm) in double cropping rice soil was the highest with a ratio of about 72.1%-81.8%, and the organic carbon content in the two kinds of aggregates was as high as 12.1-20.7 g·kg^(-1), accounting for 22.7%-59.0% of the total organic carbon. The main organic functional group in paddy soil was polysaccharides, followed by aliphatic carbon and aromatic carbon. The abundance of all those groups was affected by winter Chinese milk vetch growing and straw returning. Compared with other treatments, DSMV significantly increased the proportion of super aggregates(>2 mm) and macroaggregates(0.25-2 mm) and favored the accumulation of inert carbon such as aromatic carbon in the two kinds of aggregates. DSMV could enhance the stability of soil aggregates and organic matter, which had high potential in the real agricultural production.