不同类型泥炭沼泽湿地无机离子、溶解有机质的变化特征及生态学意义

Variations of inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter in different types of peat bogs and its ecological significance

泥炭沼泽湿地仅占地球陆地面积的3%,而碳储量却占全球的30%,是陆地生态系统重要的碳库。溶解性有机质(DOM)是泥炭地碳循环重要组成部分,也是泥炭地生物地球化学过程的重要参与者。本研究利用新型电化学方法、稳定同位素技术对2个泥炭样地(矿养型泥炭沼泽,LB;雨养型泥炭沼泽,OS)地表水、地下水、土壤孔隙水中DOM及无机离子的氧化还原能力变化特征进行分析。结果表明:LB样地的无机元素丰富且浓度较高,无机主导的厌氧呼吸过程起主要作用;不同来源(地表水、地下水和孔隙水)水样中的氧化还原能力差异主要受实际氧化还原电位影响,孔隙水剖面铁和硫酸盐大多以还原价态赋存,无机电子受体会影响DOM的氧化还原活性基团发生氧化还原反应的水平和深度。OS样地的有机质极其丰富,有机电子受体参与氧化还原过程贡献显著,不同来源(地表水、地下水和孔隙水)水样中氧化还原能力差异同样受实际氧化还原电位影响,孔隙水剖面的氧化还原能力还受不同深度泥炭基质化学组成差异的影响。利用电子接受能力(EAC)和氧化指数(OI)值可表示沿梯度变化的氧化还原条件,进而可有效指示水生系统中有机质氧化还原状态。

Peat bogs, which cover only 3% of the global land surface, store about 30% of the global soil carbon(C), and are important carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems. Dissolved organic matter(DOM) is an important part of carbon cycle in peatland, and also an important participant in biogeo-chemical process of peat. The variation of redox ability of DOM and inorganic ions in surface water, groundwater, and pore water of two sampling peatland(minerotrophic fen, LB;ombrotrophic bog, OS) were analyzed using novel electrochemical method and stable carbon isotope. The results showed that in the LB plot, inorganic elements were rich, and that anaerobic respiration dominated by inorganic electron acceptor was the main process. The redox ability differed across different LB water sources(surface water, groundwater, and pore water), which was mainly affected by the actual redox potentials. Iron and sulfate were generally in reduced state in the profile of pore water. The reaction level and depth of redox active groups of DOM which participated in redox process were influenced by inorganic electron acceptor. In the OS plot, organic matter was extremely rich, and organic electron acceptor contributed significantly in redox process. The redox ability of OS water samples from different sources performed differently, which was also mainly attributed to the actual redox potentials. The redox ability of pore water profile was affected by the chemical composition in peat substance at different depths. Therefore, electron accepting capacities(EAC) and oxidation index(OI) values could be used to identify the redox conditions along the gradient and to indicate the redox state of organic matter in aquatic systems.