四川盆地北部山区中华蜜蜂活动气象指数构建及应用

Construction and application of meteorological index for Apis cearna cearna activity in northern mountainous area of Sichuan Basin, China

基于四川盆地北部山区(简称四川盆北山区)2个地面气象观测站的气象资料和1个中华蜜蜂核心保护区的产量资料以及中华蜜蜂的生态特征和活动规律,分析了区内中华蜜蜂的气候生态适宜性;并以气温、水分、光照、风力和天气状况为影响指标,参考生活气象指数,构建四川盆北山区中华蜜蜂活动气象指数和年景评价分级计算方法。结果表明:影响研究区中华蜜蜂活动的主要气象因子有气温、空气相对湿度、日照时数、风力和白天降水累计时长,其中,气温和白天降水累计时长是影响中华蜜蜂活动的主要限制性气象因子。通过这5个指标因子的不同取值组合,构建中华蜜蜂活动气象指数并进行分级评价:当指数>12时,天气条件好,适宜中华蜜蜂活动;当指数为7~12时,天气条件一般,较适宜中华蜜蜂活动;当指数为1~7时,天气条件较差,中华蜜蜂活动明显减少;当指数≤1时,天气条件差,不适宜中华蜜蜂活动或处于越冬期。运用该指数对中山蜂场进行气候评价,多年(4-10月)平均综合气象指数为129.3(评分60.4),总体气象条件良好,"土蜂蜜"单产与年度综合气象指数显著相关,气象年景评价准确率90%。

We analyzed the climate ecological suitability of Apis cerana cerana in the northern mountain area of Sichuan Basin, based on the meteorological data of two meteorological stations, the production and the ecological characteristics and activity of A. cerana cerana. Taking temperature, moisture, light, wind and weather conditions as impact indices and referring to life meteorological index, we constructed a hierarchical calculation method for activity meteorological index and annual evaluation of A. cerana cerana in northern mountainous area of Sichuan Basin. Results showed that the main meteorological factors affecting A. cerana cearna activity in the study were temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hour, wind power and daytime cumulative duration of precipitation. Among those factors, temperature and daytime cumulative duration of precipitation were the main ones. The meteorological index of A. cerana cerana activity was constructed through the combination of different values of these five index factors, with which the grading evaluation being carried out. When the index was greater than 12, the weather condition was good and suitable for A. cerana cearna activity. When the index was 7-12, the weather condition was general, which was sub-suitable for A. cerana cearna activity. When the index was 1-7, the weather condition was poor, the activity of A. cerana cearna would significantly decrease. When the index was less than or equal to 1, the weather condition was bad and would not be suitable for A. cerana cearna to be active or in the overwintering period. We used this index to evaluate the climate of Zhongshan bee farm. Results showed that the average comprehensive meteorological index was 129.3(score 60.4) for many years(April to October), the overall meteorological condition was good. The yield of "local honey" was significantly correlated with the annual comprehensive meteorological index. The accuracy rate of annual meteorological evaluation was 90%.