百年大变局、高质量发展与构建新发展格局

Changes Unseen in a Century,High-Quality Development,and the Construction of a New Development Pattern

当今世界正在经历百年未有之大变局,新一轮科技革命和产业变革是影响大变局的重要变量,经济全球化退潮和全球产业链供应链调整是推动大变局的深层因素,国际力量对比变化和大国博弈加剧是大变局的最大变量。我国已转向高质量发展阶段,主要特征是从"数量追赶"转向"质量追赶",从"规模扩张"转向"结构升级",从"要素驱动"转向"创新驱动",从"分配失衡"转向"共同富裕",从"高碳增长"转向"绿色发展"。构建新发展格局,核心是"循环",打通生产、分配、流通、消费的堵点和梗阻,关键在改革,促进生产要素自由流动和资源优化配置。生产环节重在畅通创新链、产业链和供应链,分配环节重在解决居民收入分配和城乡收入差距问题,流通环节重在加强流通体系建设和畅通金融业与实体经济循环,消费环节重在扩大居民消费和推动消费升级。"十四五"时期构建新发展格局,重点要增强自主创新能力,加快科技自立自强;推进产业基础高级化,提高产业链稳定性和竞争力;坚持实施扩大内需战略,释放国内需求潜力;构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制,提高国民经济循环效率;推进更高水平对外开放,重塑国际合作和竞争新优势。

This article mainly discusses the impact of profound and complex changes in the international environment on China’s economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,analyses the main characteristics of China’s transition to the high-quality development stage,and explains China’s newly proposed"dual circulation"development pattern in which domestic one plays a leading role while international one remains its extension and supplement.The new development pattern is an active adjustment in response to changes in the external environment and domestic development conditions.It is a strategic choice to take advantage of China’s ultra-largescale market and reshape its new advantages in international cooperation and competition.Internationally,the world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century,which indicating a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation at the productivity level,and becoming an important variable affecting global changes and the rise and fall of major powers.It is also manifested at production relations.The adjustment of economic globalization is triggering a shrinkage of the global industrial chain and supply chain,reshaping the global division of labour and governance system.As a result,changes in the balance of power and the intensification of the great-power games have become the biggest variables of the major change.The global pandemic of the COVID-19 has accelerated the evolution.Demostically,China’s per capita GDP has exceeded 10,000 US dollars,urbanization rate surpassed 60%,middle-income group exceeded 400 million.China’s shift to high-quality development is not only a transformation of stage,but also a transformation of mode.The main feature is the shift from"catching-up in quantity"to"catching-up in quality","scale expansion"to"structural upgrading","element-driven"to"innovation driven","distribution imbalance"to"common prosperity",and"high-carbon growth"to"eco-friendly development".This article analyses China’s evolution to the"dual circulation".It emphasizes the external environment is becoming increasingly complex and the international circulation is significantly weakened,fully tapping the potential of the domestic is conducive to a better development and grasp the initiative in an unstable and uncertain world.Taking the domestic circulation as the main body is not to form a closed one,but to form a more opened dual circulation.The core of building a new development pattern is"circulate".The key to breaking up production,distribution,circulation,and consumption blockages is reform,promoting the free flow of factors and optimizing resources allocation,improving the cycling efficiency of the national economy,and enhancing its endogenous power.The production part focuses on smoothing the innovation chain,industrial chain and supply chain,the distribution part focuses on solving the problem of income distribution and urban-rural income gap,the circulation part focuses on strengthening the construction of a modern circulation system and smoothing the circulation of the financial industry and the real economy,and the consumption part focuses on expanding household consumption and promoting consumption upgrades.This article analyses the theoretical logic and development conditions of the new development pattern in multiple dimensions,and proposes the main path to the new development pattern,including enhancing independent innovation capabilities,accelerating technological self-reliance,promoting advanced industrial foundation,improving the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain;persisting with the strategy of expanding domestic demand to release the potential of domestic demand;building a high-level socialist market economy system to improve the efficiency of the national economy;promoting a higher level of opening up and reshaping new advantages in international cooperation and competition.