摘要
为了明确不同直播方式对早晚兼用双季籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响,该研究以常规早籼稻湘早籼45号和杂交晚籼稻泰优398为材料,进行早晚双季直播种植,比较人工撒直播(AS)和同步开沟起垄精量穴直播(PHDD)对早晚兼用双季直播稻出苗、产量和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,与AS相比,PHDD显著提高供试品种的出苗率,早晚季增幅分别为7.4%~14.2%和6.9%~8.0%;PHDD有利于提高供试品种周年产量,2个品种的增产幅度为3.23%~21.66%,其中湘早籼45号早晚2季增产均显著,泰优398为晚季增产显著;从产量构成因素来看,PHDD下供试品种的产量提高主要与有效穗数、每穗粒数有关;PHDD显著提高湘早籼45号早季的精米率、整精米率和垩白度以及泰优398晚季的垩白粒率,显著降低泰优398早季的整精米率及湘早籼45号晚季的垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质含量,直链淀粉含量无显著差异;PHDD显著提高泰优398晚季米粉的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值和最终黏度,显著降低糊化温度。总体来说,PHDD有利于提高优质水稻品种周年产量,主要与穗粒数协调有关,增产途径因品种和季节而异,同时显著改善湘早籼45号早季加工品质及晚季外观品质,降低泰优398的早季加工品质及晚季外观品质,但改善其晚季蒸煮食味品质,PHDD下晚季直播稻稻米品质改善明显。研究结果可为南方双季直播籼稻优质丰产栽培提供理论依据。
This study aims to investigate the effects of different direct seeding methods on the yield and rice quality of early-late season double-cropping indica rice in south China.Taking the Xiangzaoxian45(inbred indica rice)and Taiyou398(hybrid indica rice)as the research materials in both early and late seasons,two direct seeding methods were set,including artificial seeding(AS),and precision rice hill-drop drilling machine(PHDD),to determine the yield and its components,emergence rate of seedlings,and quality of rice grain for the direct-seeded indica rice in a typical double cropping area for the early-late season.The results showed that the PHDD significantly increased the emergence rate of seedlings and grain yield of tested varieties,with the increasing rates of 7.4%-14.2%and 6.9%-8.0%in early season and late season,respectively,compared with AS.The PHDD was beneficial to increase the annual yield of tested varieties,with the range of 3.23%-21.66%.Specifically,the Xiangzaoxian45 increased significantly grain yield in the early and late season,while the Taiyou398 increased significantly in the late season.In terms of yield components,the increase in grain yield of tested varieties under the PHDD was mainly due to the relatively obvious achievement of effective panicles and grain number per panicle.Besides,the PHDD significantly increased the milled rice rate,head rice rate,and chalkiness degree in the early season of Xiangzaoxian45,while the chalkiness ratio in the late season of Taiyou398,but significantly decreased the head rice rate in the early season of Taiyou398,while the chalkiness degree,chalkiness ratio,and the protein content in the late season of Xiangzaoxian45.However,there was no significant difference in the amylose content of tested varieties.Meanwhile,the PHDD significantly increased the peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity,breakdown value,and final viscosity of Taiyou398 in late-season rice flour,whereas,significantly reduced the gelatinization temperature.The PHDD can contribute to improve the annual yield of high-quality rice varieties,which was mainly related to the coordination of panicles ratio and grain number per panicles.Nevertheless,the ways to increase production varied with the tested varieties and growing seasons.Specifically,the PHDD significantly improved the early season processing quality and late-season appearance quality of Xiangzaoxian45,while decreased the early season processing quality and late-season appearance quality of Taiyou398,but improved its cooking and eating quality in the late season.The quality of direct seeding rice in the late season was enhanced obviously under the PHDD regime.The finding can provide a theoretical basis for high yield and high-quality cultivation of double-season direct-seeding indica rice in South China.
作者
陈丽明
王文霞
熊若愚
解嘉鑫
吴自明
谭雪明
曾勇军
陈雄飞
石庆华
潘晓华
曾研华
Chen Liming;Wang Wenxia;Xiong Ruoyu;Xie Jiaxin;Wu Ziming;Tan Xueming;Zeng Yongjun;Chen Xiongfei;Shi Qinghua;Pan Xiaohua;Zeng Yanhua(Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Jiangxi Province/Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice,Nanchang 330045,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期28-35,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(31760366)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFND0301605)
江西省自然科学基金(20161BAB214171)
江西省重点研发计划项目(20171ACF60018)
江西省水稻产业技术体系项目(JXARS-02-03)。
关键词
水稻
机械化
种植
直播方式
产量
稻米品质
rice
mechanization
cultivation
direct seeding method
yield
rice quality