车用质子交换膜燃料电池电堆耐久性问题研究综述

A Review of Research on Durability of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks for Vehicles

近年来,在国内外研究人员的不懈努力下,燃料电池技术取得了长足的进步。但是,耐久性差和可靠性不足,仍然是阻碍其大规模商业化的重要因素。现阶段针对燃料电池性能衰减问题的研究,从关键组件到核心材料,有很多新的观点、规律和机理,已经得到大家的认可。然而,燃料电池内部微观层面的复杂的结构蠕变和粒子传输特性衰变,依然模糊不清。本文主要介绍了燃料电池的基本原理,以及在典型车载燃料电池工况包括启-停工况、怠速工况、动态负荷工况、额定功率工况和过载工况下的衰减过程机理。这些研究成果的综述,对质子交换膜燃料电池堆耐久性机理研究及耐久工况的设计实施具有重要意义。

In recent years,with the unremitting eff orts of domestic and foreign researchers,fuel cell technology has made considerable progress.However,poor durability and insufficient reliability are still important factors hindering its large-scale commercialization.In the current stage of research on fuel cell performance degradation,from key components to core materials,there are many new ideas,laws and mechanisms that have been recognized by everyone.However,the complicated structural creep and the decay of particle transport characteristics at the micro level inside the fuel cell are still unclear.This article mainly introduces the basic principles of fuel cells and the mechanism of the attenuation process in typical vehicle fuel cell operating conditions including start-stop operating conditions,idling operating conditions,dynamic load operating conditions,rated power operating conditions and overload conditions.The review of these research results is of great importance to the research on the durability mechanism of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and the design and implementation of durability conditions.