技能传承中的身体嵌入——以汾酒酿造的身体技术实践为例

Body Embeddedness in Skill Inheritance: A Case Study on the Body Technique Practice of Fen Liquor Brewing Technology

以汾酒酿造技术为例,探讨技能传承过程中身体的嵌入、脱嵌和再嵌入的过程。在技术发展史上,酿酒活动一直是通过身体的"嵌入"完成技能传承的,具有物理、文化、政治等多重属性。当酿酒被纳入国家工业体系,在自上而下的指令性计划以及制度、社会等因素驱动下,酿酒行业发生"重心抑身"的转变,做出了"身体脱嵌"的尝试。然而身体的不在场,使得酿造技术的身份定位出现问题。随着"人工"热潮的兴起以及对机械化认识的逐渐深入,被机械所"模拟"的身体通过"人机合作"的方式再度嵌入酿酒技术之中,酿造技术获得新的发展。技能的身体嵌入,不但是技能传承的必备的手段,也是技能实现自身定位的重要途径。

Taking Fen Liquor brewing technology as an example, this article explores the embedding, dis-embedding, and re-embedding of the body during the process of skill inheritance. In the history of technology development, liquor-making activities have been carried out through the "embedding" of the body to complete the inheritance of skills, with multiple attributes such as physics, culture, and politics. When liquor-making was incorporated into the national industrial system, driven by top-down mandatory plans and institutional, social and other factors, the liquor-making industry transformed "value mind and diminished body" and attempted "body dis-embedding". However, the absence of the body made the identity of the brewing technology problematic. With the rise of the "manual labor" and the gradual deepening of the understanding of mechanization, the body, "simulated" by the machine, is again embedded in the brewing technology through the way of "man-machine collaboration". Furthermore,new development has been achieved. The body embedding of skills is not only a necessary means of skill inheritance but also an essential of positioning its own orientation.