基因编辑技术在番茄育种中的应用进展

Advances in the application of genome editing in tomato breeding

番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)是世界上主要的蔬菜作物之一,也是健康饮食的重要组成部分。随着人们对番茄品种需求的多样化,通过创新育种技术提高番茄产量、品质、抗性已成为育种家的迫切希望。突变育种是在不改变优良遗传背景的前提下进行性状改良的最有效策略之一,而基因组编辑技术为实现番茄高通量突变提供了一种高效快捷的平台。本文主要综述了3种基因编辑工具及其操作原理,回顾了CRISPR/Cas系统在番茄性状改良和从头驯化中的应用,讨论了基因编辑技术对于番茄精准分子育种的意义,并进行了展望,旨在为今后的番茄育种提供借鉴和思路。

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) is a principal vegetable crop all over the world and an essential component of a healthy diet. It has become an urgent hope for breeders to improve the traits of tomato, such as yield, quality and resistance, by the innovative breeding techniques, because of the demand for tomato varieties. Mutation breeding is one of the most effective strategies for improving the traits without changing the excellent genetic background, while the genome editing could provide an efficient, fast platform for achieving high throughput in tomato mutagenesis. In this review, we summarize the principles of three common genome editing tools and retrospect their applications in traits improvement and de novo domestication of tomato. In addition, the significance of these techniques in tomato precision molecular breeding is discussed and prospected, which would provide reference and new ideas for tomato molecular breeding in the future.