中国国内增加值贸易隐含劳动力分析——基于能源视角的列昂惕夫悖论再检验

Analysis of Labor Embodied in Interregional Value-added Trade:Re-examination of Leontief Paradox from the Perspective of Energy Use

在增加值贸易的框架下,作者运用多区域投入产出模型分析中国区域间贸易隐含就业的情况,通过衡量八个区域生产隐含的能源-劳动力强度,考察实证结果与理论预测的一致性。研究发现,东部沿海和中部地区是中国区域间贸易的主要参与者;工资水平较高的东部沿海是最大的隐含劳动力净输出地,而工资水平较低的西北地区、北部沿海和西南地区是隐含劳动力的净输入地。这说明,中国区域间贸易具有列昂惕夫悖论的基本特征。作者基于能源-劳动力强度视角,进一步分析增加值贸易与劳动就业在机器大生产环境下的关系,发现人均GRP较低的西北地区的能源-劳动力强度最高,而人均GRP较高的京津地区和南部沿海的能源-劳动力强度最低,且经济发达区域仍然是劳动力的净输出地。通过对各区域比较优势行业的进一步分析发现,西北地区和北部沿海高度依赖基础性初级产品行业的单一产业结构是实证结果与传统理论不一致的主要原因,完善基础设施和产业结构是这些地区转变粗放型增长方式和实现结构升级的重要一环。

Based on the multi-regional input-output framework,this paper analyzes the labor embodied in interregional trade in China.Meanwhile,through estimating the energy intensity per unit of labor embodied in final products in each region,this study examines whether the empirical results are consistent with the theoretical hypothesis.Results show that East Coast and Central Region are the two main participants in interregional trade.As for the labor embodied in trade,East Coast is the largest exporter of embodied labor,though it has the highest wage among eight regions;in contrast,Northwest,North Coast and Southwest,with relatively low wage,are the three largest importer of embodied labor.This reveals that the basic characteristics of“Leontief Paradox”exist in China's interregional trade.This paper further analyzes the relationship between trade in value-added and employment from the perspective of energy intensity per unit of labor.Results show that the energy intensity per unit of labor in region with relatively low GRP(such as Northwest)is the highest,whereas those in Jingjin Region and South Coast(with relatively high GRP)are the lowest.By analyzing the Revealed Comparative Advantage in each region,the paper finds that the main reason for this inconsistency lies in the industrial structure in Northwest and North Coast,which are highly dependent in primary industries.Improving the infrastructure and upgrading industrial structure are important steps for these regions to transform the extensive growth mode.