坐骨神经损伤实验动物的建模及评价方法与指标

An overview of modeling and evaluation indexes of experimental animals with sciatic nerve injury

背景:坐骨神经损伤修复与再生的体外研究受到诸多条件限制,寻求更加符合人体坐骨神经损伤的动物模型以及切合实际的评价方法或指标因此显得尤为重要。目的:以近10年发表文献为主,对关于坐骨神经损伤动物模型建立和评价指标的研究进展作出综述,为坐骨神经损伤发病机制的研究和探索新的治疗方法提供理论依据。方法:通过对CNKI、万方、维普、Sinomed及PubMed、Web of Science数据库进行检索,检索的时间范围以2010至2020年为主;中文检索关键词为“坐骨神经损伤”“动物模型”;英文检索关键词为“sciatic nerve injury”“animal models”。选择权威杂志文章,共纳入58篇文章。结果与结论:坐骨神经损伤动物模型的建立方法包括物理损伤、化学损伤。钳夹压力损伤法因神经的连续性未被中断,所以更适合对神经的形态学和行为学的观察;横断损伤法则更适合对神经营养因子和相关蛋白促进神经再生的指标观察;卡压伤法适合对炎性因子的指标观察。根据实验目的及临床研究需求,选择合适的动物模型,并对动物模型进行优化总结,同时开展切合实际的相关研究指标是促进对本病病理和发病机制的深入性研究,也是动物实验的关键。

BACKGROUND:There are various limitations for in vitro research regarding nerve repair and regeneration following sciatic nerve injury.Therefore,it is particularly important to seek animal models that are more suitable for research on human sciatic nerve injury and to develop practical evaluation methods or indicators.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress on the establishment and evaluation indexes of sciatic nerve injury in animal models in the past 10 years by retrieving the relevant literature on sciatic nerve injury,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research on the pathogenesis of sciatic nerve injury and for the exploration on new treatment methods.METHODS:Databases of CNKI,WanFang,VIP,Sinomed,PubMed and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature published from 2010 to 2020.The search words were“sciatic nerve injury”and“animal models”in Chinese and English,respectively.Authoritative journal articles were preferred,and finally 58 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The establishment methods of sciatic nerve injury animal models include physical injury and chemical injury.The animal model prepared using the clamp pressure injury method is more suitable for observing the morphology and behavior of the nerve because the continuity of the nerve is not interrupted.The animal model prepared using the transverse injury method is more suitable for observing neurotrophic factors and related proteins that promote nerve regeneration.The animal model prepared using the entrapment method is suitable for the observation of inflammatory factors.According to the experimental purposes and clinical research needs,selecting the appropriate animal model,optimizing and summarizing the animal model,and carrying out relevant research on practical indicators are the key to the in-depth experimental study on the pathology and pathogenesis of this disease.