中国推进“冰上丝绸之路”建设的法律风险及应对建议

Legal Risks and Countermeasures of China’s Promotion of the“Ice Silk Road”

“冰上丝绸之路”是“一带一路”倡议的重要组成部分,也是当前中国参与北极治理的重大战略举措。但作为北极域外国家,中国在推进“冰上丝绸之路”建设过程中存在先天劣势,需充分考虑北极地区的法律环境并利用相关法律机制。目前,北极法律机制处于“碎片化”状态并呈现模糊性、排他性、冲突性和软弱性等问题,使中国在推进“冰上丝绸之路”建设过程中面临北极权利难以有效保障、北极身份不被完全认可、北极活动缺乏法律规范等风险。对此,中国应从完善全球性法律机制、参与区域性法律机制、创新多(双)边法律机制、推进国内北极立法活动等方面采取措施,推动构建“北极命运共同体”。

The“Ice Silk Road”is an important part of“Belt and Road”Initiative and a major strategic action for China’s participation in Arctic governance at present.However,as a non-Arctic,China is in an inferior position in promoting the“Ice Silk Road”.It needs to fully consider the legal environment of the Arctic region and use relevant legal mechanisms.At present,the Arctic legal mechanism is in a state of“fragmentation”and presents issues of ambiguity,exclusivity,conflict and weakness,making China face some risks in promoting“Ice Silk Road”construction,such as the Arctic rights are difficult to be effectively guaranteed,Arctic identity is not fully recognized,and Arctic activities are lack of legal norms.In this regard,China should take measures from the aspects of improving global legal mechanisms,participating in regional legal mechanisms,innovating multilateral or bilateral legal mechanisms,and advancing domestic Arctic legislative activities,so as to promote the construction of an“community of shared future for Arctic”.