脂肪组织的神经调控概况

Overview of innervation of adipose tissue

脂肪组织是重要的代谢器官,也是内分泌器官,其生理功能的稳定执行依赖于神经系统的调控。中枢神经系统起源的交感神经同时支配棕色脂肪组织和米色脂肪细胞,调控分解代谢,进行能量消耗。虽然棕色脂肪组织中副交感神经的存在和生理功能还未明确,但是啮齿类动物白色脂肪组织中的副交感神经调控合成代谢,维持能量储存。同时,脂肪组织中还可能存在感觉神经调控。下丘脑除了是机体的体温调节中枢,也是能量调节中心,外侧区、室旁核等多个下丘脑核团控制着脂肪组织的代谢过程,从而维持机体的能量平衡。脂肪组织的神经调控在维持组织的生理功能乃至整个机体的能量平衡方面发挥着不可或缺的作用,而阐明其中的调控靶点将对能量代谢相关疾病的诊疗有着深远的意义。

Adipose tissue is an important metabolic organ and an endocrine organ, and the stable execution of its physiological functions depends on the regulation of the nervous system. The sympathetic nerves of central nervous system origin innervate both brown adipose tissue and beige adipocyte, which regulate energy expenditure. Although the presence and physiological function of the parasympathetic nerves in brown adipose tissue is not yet clear, the parasympathetic nerves of rodents in white adipose tissue regulate the energy storage. There may also be sensory innervation in adipose tissue. Hypothalamus is not only the thermotaxic center, but also the center of energy regulation. Multiple hypothalamus nuclei such as paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area control the metabolic process of adipose tissue, to maintain the body’s energy balance. The neural regulation of adipose tissue plays an indispensable role in maintaining the physiological function of tissue and even the energy balance of the whole body, and the research on the regulatory targets will have a profound significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to energy metabolism.