区块链如何推动制造业绿色发展?--基于环保重点城市的准自然实验

How does blockchain promote the high-quality development of manufacturing?A quasi-natural experiment based on key environmental protection cities.

通过构造不同所有制企业应用区块链技术情形下的目标函数与行为动机模型,分析区块链发展水平对制造业数字化全要素生产率的作用机制,并以区块链产业兴起为准自然实验,利用双重差分法基于2003~2017年我国93个环保重点城市的面板数据系统评估区块链技术对制造业绿色发展的影响.研究表明,区块链的应用能够倒逼企业实现以效率提高为特征的绿色转型,二氧化硫排放量和治污成本分别降低26%和17%,并且在使用了工具变量、三重差分、PSM-DID、安慰剂等多种方法进行检验后结论依然稳健.此外,中介效应分析显示当前阶段绿色技术创新对制造业绿色发展的促进作用优于数字化全要素生产率和能源利用效率.最后,基于企业所有权特征的异质性分析显示国有区块链企业在促进制造业绿色转型中的表现优于非国有企业,而基于城市特征的异质性分析发现区块链企业对二产占比高和单位GDP能耗高的城市制造业转型促进效应更强.本文丰富了区块链应用与实体经济发展领域内的理论研究,有助于更全面的认识数字经济影响我国制造业绿色发展的作用机制,为更加科学与精准制定区块链发展战略提供了政策启示.

By building the objective function and behavioral motivation model under the application of blockchain technology in different ownership enterprises,this paper analyzed the mechanism of the development level of blockchain on the digital total factor productivity of manufacturing industry,and took the rise of blockchain industry as a quasi natural experiment evaluated the impact of blockchain technology on the green development of manufacturing industry based on the panel data system of 93 key environmental protection cities in China from 2003 to 2017.It was showed that the application of blockchain can force enterprises to realize green transformation characterized by efficiency improvement,sulfur dioxide emissions and pollution control costs were reduced by 26%and 17%,respectively,and the conclusion was still robust after tested with various methods such as instrumental variables,triple difference,PSM-DID and placebo.In addition,the mediating effect analysis showed that the current stage of green technological innovation was better than digital total factor productivity and energy efficiency in promoting the green development of manufacturing.Finally,the heterogeneity analysis based on the ownership characteristics of enterprises showed that the performance of state-owned blockchain enterprises in promoting the green transformation of manufacturing industry is better than that of non-state-owned enterprises,while the heterogeneity analysis based on urban characteristics found that the promotion effect of blockchain enterprises on the transformation of manufacturing industry with high proportion of the secondary industry and high energy consumption per unit GDP was stronger.This paper enriched the theoretical research in the field of blockchain application and real economy development,contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of digital economy affecting the green development of China's manufacturing industry,and provided policy enlightenment for more scientific and accurate fomulation of blockchain development strategy.