汽车动力电池系统防爆阀的选型与理论计算

Selection and Theoretical Calculation of Explosion-proof Valve of EV Power Battery System

电动汽车频繁发生的起火爆炸现象一般是由锂电池系统内部的热失控现象导致的,其危害较为严重,应当引起汽车电池制造商的高度重视。安装防爆阀是一项行之有效的抑制热失控和热扩散现象的被动防御措施。防爆阀的核心作用是在电池系统内部发生热失控后能快速地将电池包内部的有毒可燃气体排到外部环境中,降低电池包内部的压力,从而防止电池包爆破。文章重点介绍了2种常见防爆阀的结构、工作原理、性能差异对比、选型的理论计算和安装注意要点等内容,为汽车动力电池系统防爆阀的选型计算提供一种思路。

Frequent fire and explosion phenomena in electric vehicles(EV)are generally caused by thermal runaway that occurs inside the lithium battery system,the harm is so serious,that should be highly valued by car battery manufacturers.The installation of explosion-proof valves is an effective passive defense measure to suppress thermal runaway and thermal diffusion.The core function of the explosion-proof valve is to quickly discharge the toxic combustible gas inside the battery pack to the external environment after thermal runaway occurs inside the battery system,reducing the pressure inside the battery pack to prevent the battery pack from bursting.In this article,the structure,working principle,comparison of performance differences,theoretical calculation of type selection,and points for installation attention of two common explosion-proof valves are focused on,which provides an idea for the selection and calculation of explosion-proof valve of EV power battery system.