宅基地退出加剧了农村劳动力非农转移吗?——来自安徽省金寨县农户的证据

Effect of farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land on rural labor transferring to non-agricultural sectors:A case of Jinzhai county,Anhui province

基于宅基地退出试点区安徽省金寨县626户农户的微观调研数据,系统考察宅基地退出是否加剧了农村劳动力非农转移?结果表明:宅基地退出对农村劳动力非农转移有显著正向影响,在利用倾向得分匹配法和处理效应模型纠正选择性偏误后,所得结果依然稳健;基于中介效应模型的分析表明,宅基地退出通过提高农业经营成本、增加家庭负债和提升外出务工便利性等途径加剧了农村劳动力非农转移。最后,提出强化宅基地退出户非农就业技能培训工作、重点关注已实现由农业向非农产业转移农户的可持续生计问题、拓宽农户就业领域范围等建议。

Based on the micro-samples of 626 households in Jinzhai county,Anhui province,we systematically investigated the effect of farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land on rural labor transferring to non-agricultural sectors.The conclusions show that farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land has a significant and positive effect on rural labor transferring to non-agricultural sectors,and the results are still robust after correcting possible selective bias by using the propensity score matching method and the processing effect model.The mechanism analysis based on the mediating effect model shows that farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land promotes rural labor transferring to non-agricultural sectors through three ways:increasing agricultural operation cost,increasing family debt and improving the convenience of out-migrating for work.The favorable effect of farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land on rural labor transfer to non-agricultural sectors mainly affects young families rather than old families.Finally,some countermeasures,to formulate relevant employment policies for farmers who quitting rural residential land,focus on the sustainable livelihood of farmers who have realized the transfer from agriculture to non-agricultural industries,and further expand the scope of employment,were put forward.