河北省2018—2019年度流感流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Hebei province from 2018 to 2019

目的分析河北省流感监测数据,掌握流感流行特征,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法通过中国流感监测信息系统,收集2018—2019监测年度河北省流感样病例(ILI)报告数据和病原学检测数据,采用Excel 2019进行统计学分析。结果2018—2019监测年度,河北省ILI百分比在1.18%~5.26%之间,平均水平为2.12%,高峰期在2019年第6周,年龄以5岁以下儿童为主,占ILI总数的66.38%。在检测的ILI咽拭子样本中,流感病毒核酸阳性率为14.69%,2019年第3周阳性率最高(46.58%),阳性样本中以甲型流感病毒(甲型H1N1亚型占66.68%、季节性H3N2亚型占22.02%以及二者混合型占0.18%)为主,乙型流感病毒为弱势(乙型Victoria系占9.85%、乙型Yamagata系占1.27%)。不同年龄组间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=89.411,P<0.05),>5~15岁年龄组阳性率最高。ILI%、ILI数与流感病毒检测阳性率变化趋势基本一致(r=0.657,P<0.01;r=0.683,P<0.01)。结论河北省流感流行的季节特征较明显,病毒型别表现为交替流行,重点防控人群为15岁以下人群。

Objective To analyze the influenza surveillance data in Hebei province,so as to grasp the epidemic characteristics of influenza,and provide support for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods Through the China influenza surveillance information system,this study collected the data of report cases of influenza-like illness(ILI)and the pathogen detection in Hebei province during 2018-2019 surveillance year,and use Excel 2019 for statistical analysis.Results The percentage of influenza-like illness(ILI%)in 2018-2019 was between 1.18% to 5.26%,with an average of 2.12%.The peak period of this year was the 6 th week of 2019,with children under 5 years old as the main age,accounting for 66.38% of the total cases of ILI.In the swab samples tested from ILI cases,the positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid was 14.69%,the highest in the third week of 2019(46.58%).Among the positive samples,influenza A virus(66.68% of A/H1 N1 virus,22.02% of seasonal A/H3 N2 virus,and 0.18% of the hybrid type)were main,and influenza B virus was minor(9.85% of Victoria,1.27% of Yamagata).There was significant difference in the positive rate among different age groups(χ^(2)=89.411,P<0.05).The positive rate was the highest in the >5-15-year-old group.The change trend of ILI% and ILI was consistent with that of influenza virus positive(r=0.657,P<0.01;r=0.683,P<0.01).Conclusion The seasonal characteristics of influenza epidemic in Hebei province are obvious,the virus type was alternating,and the key population for prevention and control is under 15 years old.