论世界格斗武技的二元格局及对中国武术入奥的启示

Dual Pattern of World Combat Martial Arts and the Strategy of Chinese Wushu Entering the Olympic Games

运用文献资料法、比较研究法、逻辑分析法,在分析世界格斗武技“原态化”—“文明化”二元格局的基础上,通过揭示以MMA(综合格斗)、巴西柔术、泰拳等为代表的“原态化”格斗武技与奥运渐行渐远的现实,探析柔道、跆拳道、空手道等“文明化”武技经由现代化、国际化改造继而走进奥运的经验,为中国武术入奥之路提供参考。研究认为,“人类命运共同体”视域下,中国武术应以开放的姿态融入世界体育大家庭,而只有适合大众参与的竞技项目才能驶上现代奥林匹克运动的快车道。在“博大精深”的中国武术中打造一项最能体现“东方传统智慧”和“西方奥运精神”合二为一的“品牌”入奥,既是中国武术可持续发展的必由之路,又是世界体育和谐、多元化的共赢之举。世界格斗武技中文明化的“柔”(柔道)“跆”(跆拳道)“空”(空手道)等入奥经验可为我们提供启示:将传统上的格斗武技改造为一个现代“文明化”的大众竞技项目,使之符合奥运的人文、拼搏精神,以利其国际传播,且该项目须具备五大特质:安全文明性、民族独特性、攻防技击性、寓教于乐性、易学易练性。当前,发展中的现代太极推手运动愈加完备地符合这些特质,从而成为中国武术入奥的最佳形式之一。

Based on the analysis of the dual pattern of"Barbarization"and"Civilization"of the world's Combat Martial Arts,by using the methods of literature,comparative research and logical analysis,and by comparing the fact that the"Barbarization"Combat Martial Arts represented by MMA(comprehensive fighting)and Brazilian Jujitsu are getting far away from the Olympic Games,this paper analyzed the experience of"civilization"combat martial arts such as Judo,Taekwondo and Karate in entering the Olympic Games through modernization and internationalization,provides reference for the way of Chinese Wushu entering the Olympic Games.The research holds that under the concept of"community of shared future of mankind",Chinese Wushu should be integrated into the world sports family with an open attitude,and only competitive events suitable for public participation can drive on the fast track of modern Olympic Games.In the"extensive and profound"Chinese Wushu,to create a"brand"that best embodies the combination of"Oriental traditional wisdom"and"Western Olympic spirit"into the Olympic Games is not only the only way for the sustainable development of Chinese Wushu,but also a win-win move of world sports harmony and diversification.The experience of entering the Olympic Games of the fighting events can provide us with enlightenment:transforming the traditional martial arts into a modern"civilized"competitive event,making it conform to the humanistic and fighting spirit of the Olympic Games,and conducive to its internationalization and popularization.The five essential characteristics of the event are:civilized security,national culture,attack and defense,education through entertainment,easy to learn and practice.Based on this,this paper puts forward the strategic plan of Chinese Wushu entering the Olympic Games in the form of modern Tai Chi push hands.