酶联免疫吸附法与胶体金法在筛查HIV感染中的意义

Significance of ELISA and colloidal gold method in HIV infection screening

目的探讨酶联免疫吸附法与胶体金法在筛查HIV感染中的临床意义。方法选取乐平市疾病预防控制中心2017年9月—2019年8月复检的HIV抗体样本89份,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法与胶体金法检测,经由蛋白印迹法确证,对比两种检测结果及特异性、灵敏性、准确性。结果 89份HIV抗体复检样本经蛋白印迹法确证后有阳性76份、阴性13份。酶联免疫吸附法检测HIV抗体的特异性为62.50%,灵敏性90.12%,准确性87.64%;胶体金法检测HIV的特异性为33.33%,灵敏性86.05%,准确性84.27%。酶联免疫吸附法的特异性、灵敏性、准确性均高于胶体金法,但差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论两种方法用于HIV感染检测均具有一定价值,酶联免疫吸附法检测HIV抗体的特异性、灵敏性、准确性略高于胶体金法。

Objective To explore the clinical significance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and colloidal gold method in screening HIV infection. Methods A total of 89 samples of HIV antibody detection retested in Leping Center for Disease Control and Prevention from September 2017 to August 2019 were selected and detected by ELISA and colloidal gold method respectively,and then were confirmed by Western blot. The detection specificity,sensitivity and accuracy was compared. Results Western blot showed that there were 76 positive samples and 13 negative samples in all 89 samples. The specificity,sensitivity and accuracy of ELISA was 62.50%,90.12% and 87.64%,respectively. The specificity,sensitivity and accuracy of colloidal gold method was 33.33%,86.05% and 84.27%. The specificity,sensitivity and accuracy of ELISA were higher than those of colloidal gold method,but the difference was not statistical significant(P > 0.05). Conclusion The two methods had certain value in the detection of HIV infection.The specificity,sensitivity and accuracy of ELISA were all slightly higher than that of colloidal gold assay.