“非庄子当如是解”——明遗民借解《庄子》以自摅其意

Interpretation of Zhuangzi——A Case Study of the Adherents of the Ming Dynasty

在《庄子》诠释史上,“六经注我”这一诠释理路至明遗民而臻于极致,他们借《庄子》以抒发自己的遗民情怀。觉浪道盛创“托孤说”以表达自己对故君故国的情感,方以智继续发扬此说,以期发扬儒家的忠孝思想。钱澄之谓“内篇凡七,而统于游”,通过对“游”的阐释而表明自己的出处和态度。傅山则“以大鹏自勉”,彰显自己的独立气节。明遗民对《庄子》的误读却增强了其自身的主体意识,从而赋予古老的经典以现代活力。就此说来,“六经注我”虽然有穿凿乃至背离经典的过失,但也不无“再造文明”的功效,是可以与“我注六经”并行的。

In the history of interpretation of Zhuangzi,the interpretation of“six classics annotating me”reached its climax with the help of the adherents of the Ming Dynasty,who expressed their feelings through Zhuangzi.Jue Lang Dao Sheng created the theory of“Supporting Orphans”to express his feelings towards the former king and country.Fang Yizhi continued to develop this theory in order to carry forward the Confucian idea of loyalty and filial piety.Qian Chengzhi interprets“You”to show his attitude towards the world.Fu Shan used the roc as a symbol of encouragement to show his independent integrity.The misreading of Zhuangzi by the adherents of the Ming Dynasty strengthened their own subjective consciousness,thus endowing the ancient classics with modern vitality.In this sense,this interpretation may deviate from the classic,but it has the effect of reinventing civilization.