不同影响因素下的矿工粉尘防治行为

Miners’dust control behaviors under different influencing factors

为了提高煤矿防尘技术与管理的作用效能,降低矿工尘肺病患病风险,以中国甘肃某煤矿矿工为研究对象,通过常规干预方案和基于跨理论模型的分类干预方案2种不同策略,研究分析干预模式、矿工年龄、矿工文化程度在干预过程中对矿工粉尘防治行为变化的影响与作用。结果表明:具有干预重点的行为阶段分类干预方案的干预效能更加优秀,矿工防尘行为意识改变彻底;不同年龄段的矿工粉尘防治行为变化差异较大,干预后26~35岁和35~50岁人群的防尘行为积极向好转变明显;文化程度与矿工防尘行为呈正向线性相关,文化程度越高,矿工防尘行为积极主动性越高。在粉尘防治过程中,矿工的行为表现不仅受利于防尘技术、管理,更与其自身年龄、文化程度等个体因素紧密相关,考虑并利用个体差异,可以充分发挥个体参与主动性,有效提高煤矿职业健康防护水平。

In order to improve the intervention efficiency of coal mine dust prevention intervention measures,reduce the risk of miners’pneumoconiosis,this paper takes coal miners in Gansu,China as the research object.Two different strategies are adopted,Routine intervention plan and Trans-theoretical model-based classification intervention plan,to examine and analyze the influence of intervention modes,miners’age and miners’education level on miners’dust prevention and control behavior changes during the intervention process.The results show that:the intervention effectiveness of the behavior stage classification intervention program with key intervention strategies is stronger with miners’behaviors and consciousness changed completely.The dust prevention and control behavior of miners in different ages varies greatly.After the intervention,the dust prevention behaviors of the 26~35 and 35~50 years-old people have changed positively and correctly.The educational level is positively and linearly related to the dust prevention behaviors of the miners,the higher the education level,the higher the enthusiasm and initiative of the dust prevention behavior of the miners.In the process of dust prevention and control,the performance of miners’behaviors are not only benefited by dustproof technology and management,but also closely related to their own factors such as their ages and education levels.To take individual differences into consideration can give full play to individual participation initiatives and effectively improve the level of coal mine occupational health protection.