关系需求阻滞下不同自尊水平足球运动员对关系评价信息的注意偏向

Attentional Bias towards Interpersonal Evaluation Information in Football Players of Different Levels of Selfesteem after Thwarted Need for Relatedness

采用面对面踢球和点探测任务,从200名足球运动员中选取高、低自尊水平的36名运动员,进行关系需求阻滞操控,探讨不同自尊水平关系需求阻滞足球运动员对关系评价信息的注意偏向。结果显示,在受到关系需求阻滞后,高自尊足球运动员对接纳的关系评价信息存在注意警觉和注意脱离困难,即在高兴面孔上,一致探测位置上的反应时显著小于中性面孔,不一致探测位置上的反应时显著大于中性面孔,对拒绝的关系评价信息上存在注意回避,即在愤怒面孔上,不一致探测位置上的反应时显著小于中性面孔;但低自尊足球运动员在两类面孔中,探测点位置的一致与不一致试次上的反应时没有差异。因此,高自尊足球运动员对关系评价信息更容易产生注意偏向,对接纳的关系评价信息产生寻求接纳的动机,对拒绝的关系评价信息产生避免被拒绝的动机。所以,当运动员关系需求阻滞后,教练员可为高自尊足球运动员提供更多人际交流机会,促进关系需求自我恢复;低自尊运动员对关系评价信息并不存在注意偏向,极大地限制了与他人的互动交流,教练员可以有针对地为关系需求阻滞的低自尊运动员制定注意偏向训练计划,以提高他们关系需求阻滞后的应对能力。

In order to find the attentional bias towards interpersonal evaluation information in football players with different levels of self-esteem after thwarted need for relatedness,we selected 36 out of 200 football players with high and low self-esteem levels who had thwarted need for relatedness. And the faceto-face ball kicking and dot-probe task were applied in this study. It was found that after thwarted need for relatedness,the players with high self-esteem showed a facilitated attention and difficulty in disengaging towards the accepted interpersonal evaluation information,that is,on the congruent probing site,their response towards the smiling faces was obviously faster than what on the neutral ones,and on the incongruent probing site,their response towards the smiling faces was obviously slower than what on the neutral ones. And they had attentional avoidance towards the rejected interpersonal evaluation information,that is,when looking at the anger faces on the incongruent probing site,their response was obviously faster than what on the neutral ones. While for the players with low self-esteem,there was no significant difference of the speed of their response in the trials whether probe sites were congruent or incongruent.That is to say,the players with high self-esteem were more prone to have attentional bias towards interpersonal evaluation information. They had motivation to seek acceptance towards the accepted interpersonal evaluation information,and to avoid rejection information towards the rejected one. Therefore,it is suggested for the coaches to provide more interpersonal communicating opportunities for the high self-esteem players who had experienced thwarted need for relatedness,so that to help them to restore their demands towards interpersonal communication. And there was no attentional bias for the players with low selfesteem,which had restricted their interpersonal communication with others to a certain degree. In order to improve their coping response after thwarted need for relatedness,it is suggested for the coaches to provide the customized attentional bias trainings for them.