从《洛阳伽蓝记》看北魏时期佛寺园林造园思想及生产活动

Insight Characteristics and Production Activities of Buddhist Temple;s Gardens in the Northern Wei Dynasty from“Records of the Temples of Luoyang”

魏晋时期佛教兴起,文化与宗教交融渗透,佛寺的兴建孕育了佛寺园林这一新的类型诞生,促进我国造园艺术朝着多元化的发展与繁荣。该时期佛寺园林造园艺术兼容儒、释、道、玄等美学思想,造园手法精彩各异,类型丰富多样。通过对《洛阳伽蓝记》中记载的佛寺园林的造园特征、思想及生产活动进行归纳和总结,指出佛寺园林从内部造园逐渐走向外围园林化环境发展,从浓郁的神异色彩转化到自然色彩,在追求园林艺术精神与自然精神的同时兼顾居民的公共活动性及生产性。该研究为我国古代环境审美提供了一个重要参照对象,也为从古至今的造园活动提供了有益参考。

The rise of Buddhism in the Wei and Jin dynasties, the integration of culture and religion and construction of Buddhist temple’s gardens gave birth to the new type of Buddhist garden, which promoted the development and prosperity of China’s gardening art toward diversification. During this period, the Buddhist temple’s garden building art was compatible with Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, metaphysics and other aesthetic thoughts. To summarized the landscape features, ideas and activities of Buddhist temple garden in the ancient book of "Records of the Temples of Luoyang"(Buddhist Monasteries in Luoyang), we found the trend of Buddhist temple gardens gradually transferred from the internal garden construction to the external garden environment development, and from the rich supernatural color to the natural color. Our study also indicated Buddhist temple gardens in that period reflected the pursuit of garden art and natural spirit;meanwhile, it provided functions of public activities and productivity for residents. This study is an important reference object of environmental aesthetics in ancient China, as well as a useful reference for garden building activities from ancient to present.