《民法典》对媒体行为及责任的规范

The Norms of Media Conduct and Responsibility in the Civil Code

《民法典》人格权编和侵权责任编都对我国的媒体行为及责任作出了具体规范,形成了与众不同的中国特色。《民法典》形成这种特色的原因,是我国目前尚未制定新闻法或者媒体法,媒体行为及责任规范阙如,但是在司法实践中形成了依据侵权责任法进行规范的成熟经验。《民法典》总结司法实践经验和理论研究成果,利用设立人格权编的立法空间,将经过司法实践检验的规范媒体行为及责任的经验写进法典,构成了媒体行为及责任的规范体系,对保障我国媒体的新闻报道和行使舆论监督权利提供了法律依据,同时也给媒体的不当行为造成人格权损害后果的媒体侵权责任作出了具体规定。

Both the Civil Code’s personality right part and tort liability part have made specific norms for China’s media behavior and responsibilities,forming a distinctive Chinese characteristics.The reason for the formation of this characteristic in the Civil Code is that China has not yet formulated a press law or a media law,which regulates the behavior and responsibility of the media,but has formed a mature experience in judicial practice to regulate according to the tort liability law.The Civil Code summarizes the experience of judicial practice and theoretical research results,and uses the legislative space of establishing the right of personality to write into the code the experience of regulating media behavior and responsibility,which has been tested by judicial practice,and constitutes the normative system of media behavior and responsibility.This provides a legal basis for guaranteeing the media’s news coverage and public opinion supervision and exercise of rights,and also makes specific provisions on the media tort liability for the consequences of personality damage caused by the media’s misconduct.