行政争议诉源治理机制研究

Research on the Litigation Source Governance Mechanismof Administrative Disputes

诉源治理是我国社会治理体系中的一项重要方式,行政争议诉源治理在预防和实质性化解行政争议、维护社会的和谐稳定等方面能够发挥重要的作用。行政争议诉源治理机制的建构应当遵循"源头预防为先、非诉机制挺前、法院裁判终局"的基本理念,并实现各种治理路径的有效衔接、各类治理主体的高效协调。在源头预防维度,应建立与行政争议形成原因类型化相适应的预防机制,完善当事人间的沟通协商机制、建立司法行政协作机制等多元化行政争议源头预防机制,以及时消除潜在的行政争议;在非诉化解维度,应完善行政争议调解机制,发挥行政复议的"主渠道"作用,重构信访体制;在法院裁判维度,应完善繁简分流机制,合理利用调解与协调和解方式,进一步发挥行政指导性案例的作用以及坚持行政机关负责人出庭应诉制度,以确保实质性化解行政争议。

Litigation source governance is an important way in China’s social governance system.Administrative dispute source governance can play an important role in preventing and effectively resolving administrative disputes and maintaining social harmony and stability.The construction of administrative disputes litigation source governance mechanism should follow the basic idea of “prevention from source first,non-litigation mechanism ahead,and court judgment final”,and realize the effective connection of various governance paths and efficient coordination of various governance subjects.In the dimension of source prevention,we should strengthen the typed analysis of the causes of administrative disputes,improve the communication and consultation mechanism between the parties,establish a judicial and administrative cooperation mechanism,build a communication platform for administrative dispute prevention,strengthen legal publicity and education,so as to eliminate potential administrative disputes in time.In the dimension of resolving non-litigation,we should improve the mediation mechanism of administrative disputes,play the role of “main channel” of administrative reconsideration,and reconstruct the system of letters and visits.In the court judgment dimension,we should improve the system of diversion of complexity and simplicity,rationally utilize the way of mediation,coordination and reconciliation,further play the role of administrative guiding cases,and adhere to the system that the head of administrative organs should appear in court to answer the lawsuit,so as to ensure the substantive resolution of administrative disputes.