人工智能伦理规则的产品质量法立法构建

Legislation Construction of Product Quality Law on theEthical Rules of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能替代人类决策的特性,使得人工智能直接面对伦理判断与选择,因此其自主决策应接受人类社会伦理规范检验。目前人工智能的出现并没有颠覆民法体系,没有必要赋予人工智能民事主体地位,但作为物的人工智能与人类道德密切相关。人工智能在本质上属于产品,可以改进产品质量法中的产品制度建立人工智能伦理规则。人工智能产品质量标准应增加伦理规则,人工智能投入市场前应接受伦理规范审核。人工智能产品应建立伦理缺陷制度,鉴于伦理缺陷难以证成,人工智能产品违反伦理造成他人损害的,生产者应对产品是否存在伦理缺陷承担举证责任。人工智能的"智力"发展不可限量,在今后人工智能可以控制、管理自己时,也可能会成为法律主体而直接接受法律法规、社会伦理道德的约束。

The characteristics of artificial intelligence replacing human decision-making make it directly facing ethical judgment and choice,so its independent decision-making should be tested by human social ethics.At present,the emergence of artificial intelligence has not subverted the civil law system,there is no need to give artificial intelligence the civil subject status,but as a matter of artificial intelligence is closely related to human morality.Artificial intelligence is essentially a product,which can improve the product system of product quality law and establish the ethical rules of artificial intelligence.The ethical rules should be added to the quality standards of artificial intelligence products.Before the artificial intelligence is put into the market,it should be examined and approved by the ethical norms.The type of ethical defects should be established for artificial intelligence products.In view of the difficulty in proving the ethical defects,if the artificial intelligence products violate the ethics and cause damage to others,the producers should bear the burden of proof on whether there are ethical defects in the products.The “intelligence” development of artificial intelligence is unlimited.When artificial intelligence can control and manage itself in the future,it may also become the subject of law and directly accept the constraints of laws and regulations,social ethics and morality.