地带性学说的建立及其在中国土壤科学中的实践和发展

The Establishment of Zonal Theory and its Practice and Development in Soil Science in China

洪堡最早提出并阐明气候、植物和动物等分布具有水平和垂直地带性。其后,道库恰耶夫在俄罗斯黑钙土地区研究的基础上建立了土壤地带性学说,并综合前人认识,发展成自然地带性学说;此后引起西方学者与俄罗斯学者对自然地带性发现权之争。新中国成立后,以马溶之、宋达泉为代表的土壤学先驱在应用地带性学说解决我国实际问题的实践中,填补了诸多空白,并丰富了地带性学说;改革开放以来,开启中国土壤系统分类研究,发展了地带性学说的内涵。文章最后讨论了气候变化以及人类活动对自然/土壤地带性的影响,拓展了地带性研究的新维度。

Alexander von Humboldt firstly brought up and expounded the notion of horizontal and vertical zonality of climate, plant and animal. After him, Dokuchaev established the soil zonality theory based on his comprehensive study on the Chernozem areas of Russia. He further developed it into the natural zonality theory, by synthesizing previous knowledge and his own findings. This led to a controversy on the right of discovery of natural zonality between Western and Russian scholars. After the foundation of new China, pioneers in Soil Science, represented by Ma Rong-Zhi and Song Da-Quan, applied the zonality theory to the practices of solving Chinese problems. They enriched the zonality theory by filling knowledge gaps. The initiation of Chinese Soil Taxonomy in 1980 s further developed the connotation of zonality theory. The implications of historical and modern climate changes and human activities on the natural/soil zonality were discussed, which expanded the research dimension of zonality.