种植方式对宁夏银北灌区盐碱地土壤水热盐及玉米生长的影响

Effects of Planting Patterns on Soil Moisture, Temperature, Salt Content and Maize Growth in a Saline Land of Yinbei Irrigation Area

为寻求宁夏银北灌区盐碱地春玉米适宜的栽培方式,以传统平播(TF)为对照,用田间小区试验的方法研究了秸秆覆盖+平播(FS)、半膜平播(FP)、起垄沟播(RF)、垄膜沟播(PRF)等不同种植方式(处理)对平罗县盐碱地土壤水热盐及玉米生长的影响。结果表明:与对照(TF)相比,在玉米拔节初期,PRF处理10~25 cm土层日平均温度提高1.53℃,5 cm深处中午时段的土温降低,5~25 cm土层早晨和傍晚两时段温度上升,土壤温度日变化变得平缓;PRF处理土壤含水率提高,耕层土壤盐分含量下降效果明显,0~20 cm土层和20~40 cm土层土壤含水率分别提高了2.63%和3.68%,全盐含量分别降低了29.22%和50.55%;PRF处理出苗后第80 d玉米株高增加了99.67 cm,茎粗增加了0.72 cm;玉米籽粒产量较对照提高了56.18%,为各处理中最高。总之,垄膜沟播玉米种植方式能够改善宁夏银北灌区盐碱地土壤水、热、盐环境,提高玉米产量,是当地盐碱地玉米生产的适宜种植方式。

To seek a better planting pattern of spring maize in a saline land of Yinbei irrigation area, the field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of planting patterns on soil moisture, temperature, salt content and maize growth in the saline land of Pingluo. Five planting patterns were designed, including TF(traditional flat planting, CK), FS(flat planting with straw mulching), FP(flat planting with plastic-film mulching), RF(ridge-furrow planting), PRF(ridge-furrow planting with plastic-film mulching). The results showed that the PRF treatment increased soil temperature at 10-25 cm by 1.53℃ at the early jointing stage of maize, decreased soil temperature at 0-5 cm depth in the early afternoon, and increased soil temperature at 5-25 cm in the early morning and evening compared with TF treatment. The PRF treatment mitigated a drastic change of soil temperature. Compared to the other treatments, the PRF treatment also improved the soil moisture and reduced the topsoil salinity at the early jointing stage. At 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. The PRF treatment increased soil moisture by 2.63% and 3.68%, respectively, and it also decreased total salt content by 29.22% and 50.55%,respectively compared with TF treatment, On the 80 th day after seedling, the plant height and stem diameter of maize under PRF were 99.67 cm and 0.72 cm higher than that under TF, respectively. The grain yield of maize was the highest in PRF treatment, and was 56.18% higher than that in TF treatment. Therefore, PRF could optimize the environment of soil water, heat and salinity, and improve maize yield in the maize growing areas of saline land.This study provided an appropriate maize planting patterns in a saline land of Yinbei irrigation area.