早期中国的马、家马与马学知识

Knowledge of Horse, Domestic Horse and Horse in Early China

"马者,甲兵之本,国之大用。"马是促进早期中国不同文化圈相互交流融合的重要媒介,是中华文化显著符号之一。借助殷商晚期之前中国境内野马和家马出土简报及线粒体DNA检测结果,结合遗址分布,认为中国是野马的起源地之一,家马及马匹驯化技术则分别通过甘青地区和蒙古高原两条路线传入中国。随着文化交往、民族交融,至迟到殷商晚期,马学知识在中国萌芽,并渐渐形成了以马匹鉴别、繁育、管理为基本架构的具有中国自身特色的马科学体系。对中华马文化进行多视角研究,有助于客观展现中国各民族交往交流交融史,增强文化认同,铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

The horse,the foundation of the armour,the great use of the country.The horse is an important medium to promote the communication and integration of different cultural circles in early China and one of the remarkable symbols of Chinese culture.Based on the unearthed briefing of Mustang and Family Horse in China before the late Shang dynasties and the results of mitochondrial DNA detection,combined with the distribution of sites,this paper thinks that China is one of the origin of Oriental horse species.However,domestic horse and horse domestication technology were introduced into China through two routes:Ganqing area and Mongolian plateau.In the late Shang dynasties,the knowledge of horse science sprouted in China,and with the development of cultural communication and national integration,a horse science system with Chinese own characteristics was gradually formed with the basic structure of horse identification,breeding and management.The study of Chinese horse culture from multiple perspectives is conducive to the objective presentation of the history of communication,and integration among different ethnic groups in China,the enhancement of cultural identity,and the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation.