天津市北大港湿地自然保护区的鸟类多样性

Bird Diversity of Beidagang Wetland Nature Reserve in Tianjin City

天津市北大港湿地自然保护区是东亚—澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙的必经之地。因为拥有丰富的水鸟资源,天津市北大港湿地被列为国际重要湿地。2017年3月至2019年11月,对北大港湿地的鸟类进行了野外调查,结合文献资料和观鸟记录,在北大港湿地共记录到鸟类22目57科279种,其中有水鸟9目18科142种;在279种鸟类中,有国家一级重点保护鸟类11种,有国家二级重点保护鸟类36种,有3种、8种和14种鸟类分别为世界自然保护联盟(The International Union for Conservation of Nature,IUCN)受威胁物种红色名录中的极危物种、濒危物种和易危物种,有10种和29种鸟类分别为濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species,CITES)附录I和附录II的物种;从居留型上看,有留鸟19种、旅鸟174种、夏候鸟52种和冬候鸟28种,旅鸟和候鸟物种数量之和占记录到的鸟类总物种数量的91.04%,体现了北大港湿地作为迁徙候鸟重要栖息地的特点。北大港湿地水鸟群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的最大值为3.064,表明该湿地的水鸟群落具有较高的物种多样性。加强对北大港湿地的保护和水鸟监测力度,可以为该国际重要湿地的可持续发展和该区域世界自然遗产地的申报提供科学依据。

Beidagang Wetland Nature Reserve is a key site for migratory birds along East Asian-Australasian Flyway.It has been listed as an international important wetland because of abundant waterbirds resources.We conducted bird surveys in Beidagang wetlands from March 2017 to November 2019 to estimate bird diversity.Combining information from literatures and birding records,a total of 279 bird species were recorded in this study,which belong to 22 orders and 57 families.Among these species,there were 142 species of waterbirds,which belong to 9 orders,18 families.In these 279 bird species,11 species are first class national protected species and 36 species are second class national protected species;3 species are critically endangered(CR),8 species are endangered(EN)and 14 species are vulnerable(VU)according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.The 10 species are listed in AppendixⅠand 29 species are listed in AppendixⅡof Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species(CITES)respectively.From the residential types of these species,19 species are residents,174 species are passaging migrants,52 species are summer visitors and28 specie are winter visitors,migratory birds accounted for 91.04%of the total number of recorded bird species in Beidagang wetlands,suggesting that Beidagang wetlands is an important site for migratory birds.We also found the maximum value of Shannon-Wiener index of waterbird community in Beidagang wetlands was 3.064,indicateing the waterbird community has a high species diversity.We suggest to strengthen the protection of the wetlands in Beidagang and the efforts on waterbirds surveys,which is critical to provide scientific support for the sustainable development of international important wetland and for the declaration of World Natural Heritage for Beidagang wetlands.