美国城市社区体育的发展模式、组织型态与经验

Community Access to Opportunities for Exercise in the United States:Development Mode,Organizational Forms,and Experience Promotion

要实现2035年全国体育锻炼人数达到45%,人均体育场地面积达到2.5m2的体育强国建设目标,发展我国社区体育是行之有效的重要工作之一。文章以社会生态学理论为基础,对美国联邦政府在本土体育和休闲文化的引领下,在社区体育分层分类政策设计、高投入与多元路径促使下的设施无忧供给、社区与学校之间场地资源与人力资源的深度融合、专业体育人才供给和社区居民自身服务意识的养成方式等方面分析美国社区推行体育锻炼的成功经验,提出改善我国社区体育锻炼需要注重个体差异:为社区体育锻炼提供均等的参与机会;营造社区关系:培养和健全社区非营利体育组织;保障社区环境:建立、改造社区体育锻炼场所和公园;家校社一体:促进社区居民体育锻炼文化建设。旨在推动我国社会公众参与体育锻炼的意识、促使我国居民体质健康高质量发展。

In order to achieve the goal of building a strong sports country with 45%of the national population exercising regularly and 2.5 square meters of sports venues per capita by 2035,it is essential to provide community residents’access to opportunities for sports and exercise in China.Under the framework of Social Ecological Model,this article analyzes the successful experiences of community access to opportunities for exercise in the United States,with a goal of fostering a physically active community culture for health and wellbeing.Numerous measures have been taken to provide opportunities for community residents to engage in sports and physical activities for health and wellbeing.Those measures include governmental policies and financial support and investment,promotion of the cultures of sports and leisure and recreation,building community centers and parks,opening school facilities and spaces to community,and utilizing sports professionals and parent volunteers for coaching etc.To improve community sports in China,government shall provide equal access to opportunities for exercises for different age groups,promote the establishment and growth of non-profit sports organizations,build community recreation centers and parks,integrate family,school,and community resources,and promote the cultures of sports and leisure and recreation among citizens.Ultimately,it will improve citizens’intentions to exercise for health and wellbeing and improve their quality of life.