醋糟和菇渣基质改良剂对连作障碍土壤理化性质及栽培黄瓜的影响

Effects of Vinegar and Mushroom Substrate Amendments on Physico-chemical Properties of Continuous Cropping Obstacle Soil and Cultivated Cucumber

为解决醋糟和菇渣等有机废弃物处置问题,并确定醋糟和菇渣基质对连作障碍土壤的影响,将醋糟和菇渣以1∶3、1∶1和3∶1(V∶V)的比例混合作为土壤基质改良剂,并以不同的比例(1∶10、1∶8和1∶5,V∶V)与连作障碍土壤混合,研究基质改良剂对连作障碍土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性和栽培黄瓜植株生长、果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明,醋糟和菇渣基质改良剂降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤有机碳含量、养分含量、pH、通气孔隙和土壤酶活性。与CK相比,有机碳含量增加幅度为26.6%~144.8%,全氮、全磷和钙含量增加幅度分别为12.94%~85.57%、14.89%~43.26%和13.48%~75.85%,碱解氮和有效磷含量增加幅度为6.84%~25.68%和16.26%~41.55%。同时,醋糟和菇渣基质改良剂促进了黄瓜植株对水分、养分的吸收利用,有利于植株生长,提高了果实产量和品质,有效地减轻了土壤连作障碍。与CK相比,植株地上部干质量增加2.45%~40.28%,其中A2处理果实产量增加最高,增加19.81%。灰色关联分析结果表明,与其他处理相比,在连作障碍土壤中以1∶10(V∶V)的比例添加醋糟和菇渣基质改良剂(1∶1,V∶V)可显著改善土壤理化性质,促进黄瓜生长,提高产量。

In order to solve the disposal of organic waste including vinegar and mushroom residues,and determine the effects of vinegar and mushroom substrate on continuous cropping obstacle soil,this study mixed vinegar and mushroom residues at the ratio of 1∶3,1∶1 and 3∶1(V∶V)as soil substrate amendments,and added the continuous cropping obstacle soil with ratios of 1∶10,1∶8 and 1∶5(V∶V)to investigate their roles on soil physico-chemical properties,soil enzyme activity,plant growth,fruit yield and quality of cultivated cucumber.The results showed that application of vinegar-mushroom residue substrate amendment had decreased the soil bulk density,increased the contents of organic carbon and nutrient,pH value,soil aeration porosity and soil enzyme activity.Comparing with CK,the organic carbon content increased by 26.6%-144.8%.Contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and calcium increased by 12.94%-85.57%,14.89%-43.26%and 13.48%-75.85%,respectively.The increasing amplitudes of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus contents were 6.84%-25.68%and 16.26%-41.55%.Meanwhile,vinegar-mushroom residue substrate amendment had promoted the absorption and utilization of water and nutrients by cucumber plants,which is beneficial for plant growth and fruit yield and quality improvement,and also for effectively relieving the soil damage by continuous cropping.Comparing with CK,the plant dry weight above the ground had increased by 2.45%-40.28%,of which A2 treatment had the highest fruit yield increase by 19.81%.The results of grey correlation analysis indicated that comparing with the other treatments,adding vinegar and mushroom residues substrate amendment(1∶1,V∶V)with the continuous cropping soil at the ratio of 1∶10(V∶V)could significantly improve soil physico-chemical properties,promote cucumber growth and increase yield.