“教育再生”政策下的日本高等教育改革与发展

Reform and Development of Higher Education-under the Policy of "Education Rebuilding" in Japan

2012年岁末安倍晋三第二次出任日本首相之后,着力推动改革在社会各领域的开展,以“教育再生”作为教育领域改革的基本政策方向。“教育再生实行会议”在成立之后的6年多时间里共提出11份有关教育改革与发展的建议书,直接指向大学改革与发展的是第三份建议书“关于大学教育的应有发展态势”和第四份建议书“高中教育与大学教育衔接及大学入学者选拔的应有方式”。以建议书为依据,日本政府先后制定了多项大学教育再生政策,一方面以项目形式推动适应全球化趋势的人才培养与科学技术创新;另一方面通过立法,以法律的形式体现政府政策,推动大学改革的深入。同时,日本政府还将“大学教育再生”与高等教育的未来发展联系起来,中央教育审议会提出了到2040年日本高等教育走向的基本设想。

Since Shinzo Abe became Prime Minister of Japan for the second time at the end of 2012,he has made great efforts to promote the reform in all fields of society,taking"education rebuilding"as the basic policy direction of education reform.In more than six years since its establishment,the"Conference on the implementation of education rebuilding"has put forward 11 proposals on educational reform and development.Among them,the third proposal"on the development trend of university education"and the fourth proposal"the connection between high school education and university education and the proper way of selecting university students"directly pointed to the reform and development of universities.Based on the proposals,the Japanese government has formulated a number of policies for university education rebuilding.On the one hand,it promotes personnel training and scientific and technological innovation to adapt to the trend of globalization in the form of projects;on the other hand,it adopts legislation to embody government policies in the form of laws,thus promoting the deepening of university reform.At the same time,the Japanese government has also linked the"university education rebuilding"with the future development of higher education.The Central Education Council has put forward a basic idea of the trend of higher education in Japan by 2040.