齿轮传动搅油功率损失的研究进展

Research Progress in Churning Losses of Gear Transmission

齿轮搅油损失(Oil churning losses)对传动系统的润滑性能、传动平稳性和节能经济性有着显著的影响。研究齿轮搅油损失的预测和控制方法,对传动系统的优化设计和节能减排有着重要意义。研究表明:高速工况下的搅油损失可达减/变速箱功率总损失的50%以上,且齿轮搅油损失随润滑环境、几何结构和运动工况条件变化显著。搅油损失机理复杂,涉及因素多,探索齿轮系搅油损失机理和掌握搅油能耗特性的变化规律,是国内外研究的难点和热点。至今已有大量齿轮搅油损失建模研究和应用,但主要都是针对某一特定工况或传动条件下的研究,鲜有全面的、完善的理论来分析搅油损失,因此对齿轮搅油损失进行全面的论述和总结很有必要。结合国内外的研究进展,从理论、仿真和试验三方面来综述齿轮搅油损失各影响因素的定性和定量研究,重点分析了搅油损失建模方法及应用场合,并指出了降低搅油损失的方法。

Oil churning losses have a significant influence on lubricating performance, transmission stability, and energy-saving economy of transmission systems. Research on the predicting and controlling methods of gear churning losses contributes the optimal design and energy saving of the transmission system. Studies show that oil churning losses occupy more than 50% of total power losses of reducers/gearboxes under high speed condition, and that churning losses change significantly with the lubricating condition, geometrical structure, and working condition. Churning losses is complex in mechanism and involve extensive factors, therefore exploring its mechanism and mastering energy consumption characteristics is the recent research difficulties and hotspots. Lots of researches focused on the modeling and application of oil churning losses, but many of them aimed at some a special working condition and lacked universality and systematisms. Thus, it is necessary to thoroughly discuss and summarize churning losses. By combining recent research progress in theory, simulation and bench test, the churning losses are studied based on quantitative and qualitative analysis on different influence factors. Modeling methods and applications are emphasized and the methods of reducing churning losses are given in detail.