性别和年龄对人群流感疫苗免疫应答的影响

Effect of gender and age on immune response to influenza vaccination among a population

目的探讨性别和年龄对人群流感疫苗免疫应答的影响。方法采用巢式病例对照研究设计于2009-2018年在中国两个地区招募健康受试者,接种流感病毒裂解疫苗,采集接种前、接种后28d血清,采用血凝抑制(HI)试验测定流感病毒HI抗体,分析性别和年龄对血清抗体阳转率的影响。结果受试者接种流感疫苗后A/H1N1、A/H3N2、B/Victoria、B/Yamagata组分血清抗体阳转率分别为62.6%(1063/1698)、56.5%(959/1698)、52.1%(522/1001)、52.8%(368/697)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,B/Victoria组分血清抗体阳转率呈女性高于男性[OR(95%CI):1.32(1.02-1.71)]、5-17岁受试者高于<5岁受试者[OR(95%CI):2.15(1.32-3.48)];5-17岁、18-64岁、≥65岁受试者B/Yamagata血清抗体阳转率均低于<5岁受试者[OR(95%CI):0.37(0.19-0.72)、0.47(0.32-0.70)、0.52(0.34-0.81)]。结论性别和年龄对人群流感疫苗免疫应答有一定影响,且因疫苗组分而异;需探索其影响机制。

Objective To explore the influence of gender and age on the immune response of influenza vaccination in a population.Methods We used a nested case-control design to recruit healthy subjects in two regions of China from2009 to 2018 and obtained serum samples before and 28 days after subjects received influenza vaccine.We used the hemagglutination inhibition(HI) assay to test HI antibodies against influenza virus and determine the effect of gender and age on seroconversion.Results Among all subjects,seroconversion rates against A/H1 N1.A/H3 N2,B/Victoria and B/Yamagata strains after influenza vaccination were 62.6%(1 063/1 698),56.5%(959/1 698),52.1%(522/1 001),and52.8%(368/697),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression showed that seroconversion for B/Victoria was higher in females than in males [OR(95%CI):1.32(1.02-1.71)] and higher in 5-17-year-olds than in <5-year-olds [OR(95%CI):2.15(1.32-3.48)];seroconversion for B/Yamagata was lower in 5-17-,18-64-,and ≥65-year-olds than in <5-year-olds[OR(95%CI):0.37(0.19-0.72),0.47(0.32-0.70),and 0.52(0.34-0.81)].Conclusion Gender and age affected the immune response of influenza vaccine in a population,varying by influenza vaccine strain.We should explore the underling mechanism of this effect.