病毒病疫苗的抗体依赖增强作用及其对疫苗研究的启示

Viral vaccine-induced antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and its implications for vaccine research:a literature review

疫苗是最经济、有效的公共卫生干预措施之一。病毒病疫苗接种后产生的中和抗体可中和病原,降低病原感染能力,从而预防传染病的发生。然而在罕见情况下,个别疫苗产生的抗体却可以增强病原的感染,加重疾病病情,即抗体依赖增强作用(Antibody-dependent enhancement,ADE)。本文对疫苗接种后ADE产生的机理、既往发生ADE的疫苗、ADE在人体和动物临床表现等进行了综述,为新疫苗在研发中和上市后尽早发现和预防ADE、保证疫苗使用安全提供参考依据。

Vaccines are one of the most effective and cost-effective public health interventions.Antibodies induced by vaccination can neutralize pathogens and reduce infectiousness to prevent infectious diseases.However,in rare cases,vaccine-induced antibodies can enhance viral infections and exacerbate disease,a phenomenon called antibodydependent enhancement of infection(ADE).In this article,we review mechanisms of ADE,previous vaccines associated with ADE,and symptoms of ADE-related diseases in human and animals.We describe considerations for early identification and prevention of ADE during development and in post-marketing surveillance of vaccines to ensure the safety of vaccines in use.