基于决策树模型的急诊患者及家属对COVID-19的认知及防控行为研究

Research on cognition and prevention and control behavior of COVID-19 in emergency patients and their families based on decision tree model

目的了解急诊患者及家属对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的认知及防控行为现状并分析其影响因素,为改进疫情期间患者及家属管理提供科学依据。方法方便抽样选取2020年2月1日至2020年3月1日急诊就诊的患者及家属作为研究对象,采取自制问卷进行调查。利用百分数、均数、χ2检验及决策树等方法对数据进行统计描述和推断。结果单因素分析结果显示,不同身份、职业、学历及疾病认知度的调查对象防控行为差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同职业、学历及防控行为的调查对象的疾病认知度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过建立防控行为决策树模型,筛选出3项低防控行为的高危因素:日常防护认知度一般的患者及家属、日常防护认知度较高的患者、日常防护认知度较高但临床表现及流行病学认知度一般的家属。结论急诊患者及家属对COVID-19的认知偏低,但防控行为普遍较高。应重点关注对3类人群关于临床表现及流行病学史的健康宣教。

Objective To understand the status of cognition and prevention and control behaviors of coronavirus disease(COVID-19)in emergency patients and their families,and to analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the management of patients and their families during the epidemic.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select patients and their families who visited the emergency department from February 1,2020 to March 1,2020 as the research objects,and a self-made questionnaire was used for investigation.Used methods such as percentage,mean,chi-square test,and decision tree to statistically describe and infer.Results The results of single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the prevention and control behavior of survey subjects with different identities,occupations,educational backgrounds and disease awareness(P<0.05),and different occupations,educational backgrounds and prevention and control behaviors of survey subjects had different disease cognition(P<0.05).Through the establishment of a prevention and control behavior decision tree model,three high-risk factors for low prevention and control behaviors were screened out:patients and their families with general daily protection awareness,patients with high awareness of daily protection,patients′family members with high awareness of daily protection but general awareness of clinical manifestations and epidemiology.Conclusion Emergency patients and their families have low awareness of COVID-19,but their prevention and control behaviors are generally high.We should focus on health education about clinical manifestations and epidemiological history of the three groups of people above.