健康公平理念下社区养老设施的空间分布研究——以上海市中心城区为例

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF COMMUNITY PENSION FACILITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH EQUITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CENTRAL CITY OF SHANGHAI

健康公平是当前联合国倡导的可持续发展重要目标,也是"健康中国"国策的重要战略目标。本文聚焦社区养老设施这一重要健康资源,采用基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线,比较分析上海市中心城区多种类型社区养老设施的空间分布公平性,并运用LISA方法辨析社区养老设施与老年人口的空间分布关联格局,识别存在高需求但低配置问题的供需显著失衡区域。研究发现,上海社区养老设施的总体基尼系数较高,分配水平差距较大。其中,日间照护机构的基尼系数最高,是未来城市发展和规划中需要考虑增补的重点社区养老设施。LISA分析发现,各类社区养老设施高需低配的空间单元和集聚区域相对一致,但长者照护之家空间高需低配区最多。最后本研究讨论了针对特定人群的公共服务设施空间分布公平性问题及其潜在成因,并提出相应的政策建议。

Health equity is not only an important target of sustainable development advocated by the UN but also a significant strategic objective of the national policy called "Healthy China". In the context of aging society, this study focuses on the equity issue of community pension facilities in terms of its spatial distribution. Based on the concept of health equity, this paper selects the central city of Shanghai(the area within the outer ring highway) as the study area, adopts a series of types of community pension facilities as the analysis objects, and adopts Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve to compare and analyze the equity in distribution of the various community pension facilities. It is followed with the LISA analysis to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the association between the community pension facilities and the elderly population, and then identify the significant imbalance areas with high demand but low provision. This paper aims to providing an empirical research basis for the special planning of pension facilities. The study discovers that the Gini coefficient of community pension facilities in Shanghai presents generally as high as a large distribution gap.Among them, day care institutions have the highest Gini coefficient, which is a key community pension facility that needs to be considered and supplemented in future urban development and planning. The analysis results present that the distribution and concentration of the spatial units with high demand but low provision is relatively coherent for all facilities, but the elderly care home has the largest number of this type of spatial units.