同步辐射原位X射线散射技术在纳米与能源材料中的应用

Application of Synchrotron Radiation In-Situ X-ray Scattering Technology in Nano and Energy Materials Research

同步辐射原位X射线散射技术可以实现对材料结构进行多尺度的、无损的、高时间空间分辨率的表征,动态地揭示材料微观结构在不同外界环境下的演变过程。X射线散射基础理论已经相对成熟。第三代同步辐射光源大幅提高了X射线散射技术的时空分辨率,进一步拓宽X射线散射技术的应用场景。当前同步辐射原位X射线散射技术的难点主要集中于实验装置设计和大数据处理。概述了X射线散射技术的主要分类和基本的实验方法,主要介绍了不同分类的同步辐射原位X射线散射技术在纳米材料(纳米颗粒生长和纳米颗粒自组装)与能源材料(以钙钛矿薄膜材料为代表)研究中的应用。最后结合当前国内外先进同步辐射光源的发展现状,展望了同步辐射原位X射线散射技术未来发展的方向和应用前景。

Synchrotron radiation in-situ X-ray scattering technology can realize the multi-scale,non-destructive and high temporal and spatial resolution characterization of material structure,and dynamically reveal the evolution process of the material microstructure in different external environments.The basic theory of X-ray scattering is relatively mature.The third-generation synchrotron radiation source greatly improves the temporal and spatial resolution of X-ray scattering technology,thus further broadens the application scenarios of X-ray scattering technology.The difficulty of the current synchrotron radiation in-situ X-ray scattering technology is mainly manifested in the design of experimental equipment and big data processing.This article summarized the primary classification and basic experimental methods of X-ray scattering technology and introduced the application of synchrotron radiation in-situ X-ray scattering technology in the research of various nanomaterials,including the growth and self-assembly of nanoparticles,and energy materials,represented by perovskite thin films as examples.Finally,combined with the current development status of advanced light sources at home and abroad,the future development direction and application prospects of synchrotron radiation in-situ X-ray scattering technology were prospected.