近代旅外女性的边疆意识自觉、国家形象建构及其策略研究——以钱单士厘《癸卯旅行记》为考察对象

Research on the Consciousness Awakening,National Image Construction and Strategies of Females Traveling Abroad in Modern Times:Case Studies of QIAN SHAN Shi-li’s Guimao Travelogue

作为第一位有旅外日记传世的公使夫人,钱单士厘在光绪二十九年(1903年)“跨越四国”的漫长旅程中,始终以日本这一西方文明的亚洲范本为“文明国”之标尺,对沿途经过的国家和地区进行着国家形象的建构与对比,其间所体现出的视觉权力的借用策略耐人寻味。与此同时,频繁跨越国界的空间实践又极大地增强了其对疆域、领土、主权、边民等概念的形象感知,促进了边疆意识的自觉,激发了民族情感。作为跨国旅行的忠实记录,钱单士厘的《癸卯旅行记》也因此成为考察多重视角下近代旅外女性以边疆、民族、国家形象、文化身份为核心的意识形态建构的不可多得的范本。

QIAN SHAN Shi-li’s was the first minister’s wife who has a diary about her journey abroad,which took Japan as the Asian model of Western civilization,as a“civilized country”during the long journey of“crossing the four countries”in the 29th year of Guangxu(1903),with construction and comparison of the national image of the countries and regions she was passing by,and the borrowing strategy of visual power embodied in it is intriguing.At the same time,the space practice that frequently crossing national boundaries has greatly enhanced her perception of the concept of territory,lands,sovereignty,and border people,promoted the consciousness of border areas,and stimulated national sentiments.As a faithful record of this transnational journey,QIAN SHAN Shi-li’s Guimao Travelogue has therefore become a rare template as an ideological construction of modern female traveling abroad from multiple perspectives with frontiers,nationalities,national images,and cultural identities in the core.