西夏文佛经款题中所冠帝、后尊号与西夏政制建构

Honorable Titles of Tangut Emperor and Empress InInscription of Buddhist Sutras and Its Political System Construction

区别于中原佛经款题的书写结构,西夏皇帝和皇太后在撰写佛经款题时会冠以“尊号”。结合“御译”“御校”“谨施”等词语以及佛经序言的内容发现,西夏文佛经款题中的“尊号”不单纯是政治名号,可能还蕴含着佛教意义上的“觉悟”。西夏的“尊号”制度是模仿唐宋的结果,与本国的社会现实存在冲突。从“尊号”的用字来看,佛教调和两者的冲突。佛教在加强西夏皇帝统治合法性的同时,也迎合了西夏僧俗的精神需要。

Compared with the writing style of the inscription of the inland China Buddhist sutras,many of Tangut inscriptions contain honorable titles of emperor and empress.From this writing style,noble status of Tangut emperor and empress could be revealed.From these inscriptions,we could see Tangut emperor and empress personally involved in the translation and proofread of Buddhist sutras.Tanguthonorable title system was learned from Tang and Song dynasties.However,this system has conflict to its social reality.From the diction of titles,we could see that Buddhism reconciled the conflict situation of Tangut political ideal and reality.Buddhism reinforced the legality of Tangut governorship,catered for spiritual needs of Tangut monks and laymen.