西夏文“■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1))考源

A Research on the Origin of A Tangut Term “■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1))

西夏文“■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1))又写作“■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1)),常见于佛经文献,与汉文本“粪扫(衣)”“补衲(衣)”等对译。从字形和字音两方面进行考察,依据出土的西夏文献材料,推测该词在西夏文造字时与“■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1))同源,意为“蜣螂”。蜣螂以粪便为食,有喜于粪土中推却屎丸的习性,后来,人们用该词专门记录佛经中的“粪扫(衣)”“粪(衣)”,成为佛经专用词。“粪扫衣”又称“衲衣”“百衲衣”,为世俗人当做垃圾舍弃的衣服,泛指僧尼所穿之僧衣。又因僧尼的衣服多补缀缝衲而成,因此西夏文献中的“■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1))又衍生出动词“补衲”、名词“补丁”和形容词“破旧的”等义项。

The Tangut term “■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1)) which also written as “■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1)) is a common word in Tangut sutras to translate Chinese Fensao(clothes)粪扫(衣)or ragged(robe)补衲(衣).Based on the Tangut literatures,the etymology of this word is investigated by comparing the font and pronunciation with other words.The original meaning of the “■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1)) is the same as “■■”(b■^(2)bjij^(1)) which means dung beetle in Tangut.Afterwards,it was used to translate Fensao or ragged(robe).