美国与德国职业学校师资培养中的“三性”融合原则研究

Integration of Specialization,Professionalism and Educationin the Training of Vocational School Teachers in the United States and Germany

随着职业教育国际化趋势的增强,美国与德国在职业教育方面所取得的成就被越来越多的国家所了解和认识,两国职业教育发展的路径和经验也不断被其他国家所学习和借鉴,尤其是职教师资培养模式更是成为国际职业教育比较研究的重点。对美国与德国职业学校师资培养模式进行比较研究,深入分析两国运用专业性、职业性和教育性“三性”融合原则在职业学校师资职前培养、准入机制和资格认证制度、职后培训等方面所取得的成功经验,结果发现,两国职业学校在教师职前职后侧重阶段、准入机制和教师资格证书制度等方面存在显著差异,而在法律体系保障、教师实践能力培养、师资准入机制、“三性”融合原则的运用、师资队伍专业化等方面又存在一定的共性。据此,从培养模式、职业教育法律法规体系、职业教育教师资格证书制度建设、职后培训模式等方面进行分析,以期为我国职业教育师资培养提供新的借鉴。

With the increasing internationalization of vocational education,the remarkable achievements of the United States and Germany in vocational education have been recognized by more and more countries.The development path and experience of vocational education in the two countries have also been learned and borrowed by other countries,especially the teacher training mode of vocational schoolshasbecome the focus of comparative research of international vocational education.This paper makes a comparative research on the teacher training mode of vocational schools in the United States and Germany,and offers a deep analysis of the successful integration of specialization,professionalism and education in the pre-service training,access mechanism,qualification system and in pre-service training of teachers in vocational schools in the two countries.The results show that there are significant differences between vocational schools of the two countries in terms of pre-service and in pre-service emphasis stage,access mechanism and teacher qualification certificate system,while there are some similarities in legal system guarantee,teachers practical ability training,teacher access mechanism,application ofthe principle of integration of specialization,professionalism and educationand specialization of teachers.Based on this,in order to provide new reference for vocational education teacher training in China,this paper focuses on the research of vocational education teacher training mode,vocational education laws and regulations system,vocational education teacher qualification certificate system construction and in pre-service training mode.